AN ECONOMIC STUDY OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND AGRICULTURAL INTELLIGENCE IN CHINA
Ahmed
Hassan
Studies Econ. and Political Sci. Res. Dept., Division of Econ. Sci., Inst. Asian Studies and Res., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
author
Taher
Hassanien
Agric. Econ. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
author
text
article
2020
eng
China has a large population but has less arable land. With it owning about 7% of the world's cultivated land, China must feed a fifth of the world's population. Therefore, Chinese agriculture is one of the important economic hubs. This sector has developed rapidly since reforms began in rural areas in 1978. China experienced strong growth in the early 1980s, great optimism in the early 1990s, and a long period of low growth after 1995. Market reform, public investment, and technology played an important role. During this comprehensive successful process. However, this shift has also increased inequality between the agricultural and non-agricultural populations, and there are still fundamental institutional issues that need to be fully addressed. Given the relatively short development period of smart cultivation, this general review is limited because literature may be an insufficient source for understanding the recent state of smart cultivation. Since there are many key areas that are not clear about the development of smart agriculture, it is proposed to conduct future research to fill these gaps. First, the impact of information technologies is unclear, specifically, whether or how the development of information technology affects smart agriculture is unknown. Second, questions about interactions between humans and technologies await to determine answers, as information technology alone does not create value, and then there is an urgent need for both quality and quantity of research to explore and examine questions such as what is the economic return provided by agricultural intelligence and how, and what are the factors Essential to adopt and spread agricultural intelligence, and the type of institutional arrangement is the perfect choice. With regard to the unbalanced geographical distribution of smart agriculture in China, more study is needed on questions such as why and how this imbalance is occurring and how to allocate resources effectively.
Journal of Productivity and Development
Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity
1110-2543
25
v.
1
no.
2020
1
24
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_81011_bdef7700ab11d847960eb08f76c87079.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jpd.2020.81011
EXTENDED SHELF LIFE OF TALLAGA CHEESE BY NATURAL PRESERVATIVES
Abed
Saleh
Dairy Res. Dept., Animal Pro. Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Ministry of Agric, Egypt.
author
fathy
Abd El-Malek
Dairy Res. Dept., Animal Pro. Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Ministry of Agric, Egypt
author
Mohamed
Moussa
Dairy Res. Dept., Animal Pro. Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Ministry of Agric, Egypt
author
text
article
2020
eng
Tallaga cheese was made from pasteurized buffalo's milk, divided into four equal parts in addition to the control.Three types of essential oils; garlic, ginger and clove were added (0.5%) and 5% propolis extract. Tallaga cheese was analyzed for chemical, sensory and microbiological characteristics at fresh, 15, 30 and 45 days of storage, refrigerated at (5±1°C). Gross composition of the resultant cheese samples was within the composition of cold storage Egyptian Tallaga cheese. The moisture and pH values of cheese samples control and all treatments decreased as the storage period progressed. Tallaga cheese treatment's and control samples increased in fat, total nitrogen (TN), SN, TVFA, ash during progressing period of storage. Tritatable acidity was detected during the storage period.The total bacterial count (x 106 cfu/g) in control was (42), T1 (33), T2 (32), T3 (33) and T4 (31) when fresh, and decreased gradually during storage. The results show that no yeasts and molds were detected in fresh samples. However, the counts started to be detected and counted after 30 days in all treatments including control. Coliform content was also not detected in fresh cheese in control and all treatments, but at the end of the storage period the cornet were lower in all treatments measured T1 (ND), T2 (0.07 x102) T3 (ND) and T4 (0.09 x102) compared to control (0.4 X102). Sensory evaluation of Tallaga cheese manufactured by adding 0.5% essential oil and 5% propolis extract (T4, T2, T1 and T3) gained higher score for appearance, body and texture and flavor than control at the end of the storage period. Conclusively, results of this study showed that can produce high quality Tallaga cheese and accept the use of some essential oils can be recommended. The finished product showed improved body texture, better cheese flavor. Moreover, prolong the life of the cheese. Much research is needed to continue applying these essential oils in compounds with others and with each other atural preservatives, and also investigate the effect of these oils on the spoilage in other types of dairy foods
Journal of Productivity and Development
Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity
1110-2543
25
v.
1
no.
2020
25
37
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_81013_5d9a6c3f85aa2837ec7a63404bc68d91.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jpd.2020.81013
THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE OF RURAL PEOPLE ABOUT THE SOURCES OF POLLUTION AND THE RESULTING DISEASES AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE PREVENTIVE APPLICATION (A CASE STUDY IN AL-GHANAMEEN VILLAGE)
Hazem
Elkhashab
Agric. Exten. Econ. Dept. Rural Sociology Fac. Tec. Dev., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
author
text
article
2020
eng
The research aimed to study the effect of rural knowledge of the sources of pollution of all kinds (water, air, and noise) on the preventive application, and study the effect of rural knowledge of diseases resulting from pollution of all kinds (water, air, and noise) on the preventive application, and the study followed the descriptive analytical approach and the research was conducted with one of Villages of Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, the village of Al-Ghanameen was chosen randomly, and the study sample reached 100 respondents, whose number was chosen by the appropriate sample according to the nature of the respondents, they were chosen by a random sample method of possession lists in the Agricultural Cooperative Society and to collect the study data was prepared A questionnaire template was collected during the month of September 2019 and was discharged, tabulated and statistically analyzed using the SPSS program. The most important statistical methods are the simple correlation coefficient of Pearson, Alpha cronbach coefficient, Mean, Standard deviation, the multiple regression (Step Wise), and the most important results of the study include the following: A statistically significant effect at the significance level of 0.01 for rural knowledge of pollution sources of all kinds (water, air, and noise) on the preventive application, and a statistically significant effect has been found at the level of 0.01 significance for rural knowledge of diseases caused by pollution of all kinds (water, air) , And noise) on the preventive application. The study recommended that the Ministry of Environment should carry out a campaign to purify the area of the causes of air and water pollutants, and the Ministry of Health should speed up a campaign to treat the villagers from the diseases that spread among the villagers, the most important of which is hepatitis due to the number of injuries in the village .
Journal of Productivity and Development
Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity
1110-2543
25
v.
1
no.
2020
39
60
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_81014_be0468873e7d92e720d94f2bd48764d4.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jpd.2020.81014
A STUDY OF INVESTMENT EFFICIENCY FOR JOJOBA CROP PRODUCTION IN RED SEA GOVERNOREAT
Rokaiah
Gabt
Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Egypt
author
text
article
2020
eng
The research aimed to study the efficiency of investment for the production of jojoba in the Red Sea Governorate by studying and analyzing the determinants of production capacity, the structure of costs and revenues, and estimating the criteria for financial and economic evaluation of jojoba cultivation in accordance with the current situation to determine the profitability of this activity, and the extent of its tolerance to the economic risks that can face its production from By measuring its sensitivity to high production costs, declining revenues, and the extent of its impact on financial and economic evaluation criteria, and identifying the constraints facing jojoba production.
The research reached several results, the most important of which is the high values of financial and economic feasibility indicators for this activity, as investing in the production of jojoba is from profitable projects because it achieves profits that exceed the cost of the alternative opportunity based on the criteria of financial analysis, where the internal rate of return reached about 49%, as well as the ability of an activity Jojoba production to meet the changes that occur in both revenue and costs according to the sensitivity analysis, and jojoba production activity yields more returns than the costs used in its production based on the net added value of about 74.57 thousand pounds, in addition to the IJ contribution Endodontic for the production of jojoba in national income due to the increase in net value added compared to the wages based on the social surplus of 81.34 thousand pounds.
The research ended with several recommendations, the most important of which is the necessity to invest in unconventional crops, especially jojoba, by encouraging farmers, young graduates and investors in the Red Sea Governorate to grow this crop, to advance the cultivation and production of jojoba.
Journal of Productivity and Development
Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity
1110-2543
25
v.
1
no.
2020
61
77
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_81015_33e32372ad0260dd3a8a898438ca1869.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jpd.2020.81015
GENETIC DIVERSITY AND RELATIONSHIPS AMONG GRAPEVINE ROOTSTOCK MUTANTS THROUGH RAPD TECHNIQUE
Asmaa
Salama
Viticulture Research Department, Horticulture Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
author
Mohamed
Zayan
Pomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
author
Aly
Shereif
Pomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.
author
Aisha
Gaser
Pomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.
author
text
article
2020
eng
Mutation using radiation has been shown to be an important tool in incorporating specific desirable agronomic value characteristics. In the present study, four grapevine rootstocks namely: Freedom, Harmony, SO4 and Ramsey along with commercial variety Thompson seedless were exposed to different doses of gamma rays (0, 10, 20 Gy) to obtain mutations with economic values.
Results showed that both doses of 10 and 20 Gy were effective in obtaining mutations in all grapevine genotypes including Thompson seedless, which were confirmed by morphological markers such as bud burst percentage and shoot length and number of leaves, and genetic markers by RAPD technique.
In addition, genetic variation and relationships in both irradiated and un-irradiated genotypes were determined. Six RAPD markers were able to generate polymorphic bands ranged from 1 to 9 among irradiated and un-irradiated grapevine genotypes. The similarity coefficients detected by RAPD markers ranged from 0.24 to 0.87, which revealed clear genetic variation among irradiated and un-irradiated grapevine genotypes. According to phylogenetic analysis, genotypes were divided into two clusters, where all five un-irradiated genotypes and irradiated Freedom genotype with 10 Gy were placed in one cluster and second cluster included the rest of nine irradiated genotypes.
Conclusively, this study supports the use of mutation in breeding grapevine improvement, and RAPD technique could be an important tool for detecting mutations and genetic diversity among grapevine genotypes.
Journal of Productivity and Development
Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity
1110-2543
25
v.
1
no.
2020
79
99
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_81016_4e623f38ae6d2c372ed4fb345688e02f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jpd.2020.81016
INDICATORS OF COMPETITIVENESS AND DETERMINANTS OF EXTERNAL DEMAND FOR THE EGYPTIAN ORANGE
Ahmed
Alesawy
Department of Economics and Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Egypt.
author
Ibrahim
Ismail
Department of Economics and Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Egypt.
author
Fekry
El Dsouky
Department of Economics and Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Egypt.
author
text
article
2020
eng
The research problem was the decrease and fluctuation of the quantity exported of oranges to the most important import markets for Egyptian oranges in recent years. The research aimed to identify the reasons leading to the occurrence of this problem by studying the most important indicators of competitiveness and factors affecting the external demand of Egyptian oranges in the most important external markets. That the causes of this problem can be identified and appropriate solutions resolved. As for the prices of exporting Egyptian oranges, it has taken a growing general trend during the period (2001-2017), and its growth rate hasreached25.98 dollars per year.The farm price and the costs of producing tons of oranges, increased general trend during the period (2001-2017), and the rate of its increase reached about 43.11 pounds per ton, 1202 pounds per acre. As for the market share of the most important import market for oranges, some indicators were extracted during the period (2013 – 2017), which is the takeover of the Egyptian orange ranked first in the market of Russia, Britain, Saudi Arabia in relation to competitors. The share was really fluctuated during the period of the study. The market sharein the most importantmarkets has declined in the recent period, due to the decrease in the amount of Egyptian exports of oranges in these markets, due to the high export prices of oranges respect to the competitors, the increase in export prices due to the increase in both production and marketing costs of Egyptian orange and the increase in farm prices significantly. The share has decreasedsignificantly during 2017. It is noticed that there is a competitive price advantage for Egypt in the Saudi and UAE markets during most of the study years, and in the general average, due to the proximity of Arab markets to Egypt, which leads to reduced transportation costs, and also the presence of agreements and treaties between Egypt and the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, which works to remove obstacles to Egyptian exports Whether customs barriers or taxes and fees, it must be pointed out that Egypt lost its competitive price advantage during 2017 for most competitors in these markets due to the high prices of Egyptian orange exports. It is noted for the Russian market that Egyptian oranges face fierce competition in relation to export prices of competing countries to Egypt, given the high costs of transportation for Egyptian oranges relative to competitors. In light of the high production and marketing costs of the Egyptian orange, this leads to raising its export prices against competitors. The logistical statistical estimate of the logarithmic model of determinants of external demand for Egyptian oranges in the Russian market during the period (2006-2017) showed that the biggest factors influencing external demand are world export prices, then domestic production of oranges with a positive signal, and flexibility reached 3.67 and 1.85, respectively. As the increase of about 10% of these factors leads to an increase in the amount of exports by about 36.7% and 18.5%, respectively.In the Saudi market, the biggest factor affecting external demand is the Saudi population,with a positive signal, and elasticity of 3. 72. As the increase of about 10% of this factor leads to an increase in the amount of exports by about 37. 2%. In the UAE market, the most influencing factors on external demand are the population, then the country’s total imports of oranges with a positive signal, and flexibility reached about 3. 98, 0. 5, respectively. As an increase of about 10% of these factors leads to an increase in the amount of exports by about 39. 8% ,0. 5%, respectively. Conclusively, it could be concluded as follows: 1- The necessity of the state adopting a price and export policy that helps to achieve a high competitive advantage in foreign markets, in light of the increase in the prices of Egyptian oranges in the recent period for competitors. 2- Providing agricultural production requirements at reasonable prices to help producers produce and reduce farm prices. 3- Increasing support for Egyptian orange exports to help exporters reduce their prices to increase their ability to compete abroad. 4- Encouraging the production policy for export, in order to take into account the availability of international standards and specifications in the exported commodity. 5- Providing market information about foreign markets.
Journal of Productivity and Development
Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity
1110-2543
25
v.
1
no.
2020
101
130
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_82179_347f7a8539a904b9cd331cf0e7476352.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jpd.2020.82179
BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF SOME BIOFERTELIZERS ON SOYBEAN SHOOTS
Atta
El-Saber
Agricultural Biochemistry, Soil and Water Science Department, Faculty of Technology & Development, Zagazig University, Egypt .
author
Refaat
Saber
Agricultural Biochemistry, Soil and Water Science Department, Faculty of Technology & Development, Zagazig University, Egypt .
author
Abdel Ghany
Abdel Ghany A.
Agricultural Biochemistry, Soil and Water Science Department, Faculty of Technology & Development, Zagazig University, Egypt .
author
Abd El Aziz
Shraf
Agricultural Biochemistry, Soil and Water Science Department, Faculty of Technology & Development, Zagazig University, Egypt .
author
text
article
2020
eng
The field excrement was conducted in the agronomy farm of Gazala, Sharkia, Egypt to study the effect of power mix, citrine and super blue green biofertilizers on some biochemical contents of soybean shoots of (Giza111 and Crawford) varieties. The following results were recorded: - 1- All doses of biofertilizers increased dry weight content of shoots to both varieties of soybean. Giza111 variety recorded relatively greater values than those of Crawford variety. 2- The concentration of chl. a, chl. b and total chl. Of shoots soybean were increased by all treatments while decreased the concentration of carotenoids in shoots only at early stages of Giza111 variety, but increased of crawford variety at all stages of growth. 3- The percentage of total soluble sugars (reducing and non-reducing) in shoots of crawford variety were greater than those of giza111 variety and the highest increase of total soluble sugars was obtained by the foliar application of 0.25% and 0.5% super blue green biofertilizers. 4- All treatments were increased the concentration of soluble, insoluble and total nitrogen fractions in both varieties of soybean shoots at all stages of growth. 5- All doses of biofertilizers decreased the concentration of Na in shoots of both varieties of soybean, while they were increased the concentration of P and K at all stages of growth. 6- Fe, Zn and Mn contents were slightly increased by the application of biofertilizers at the early and second stage of growth, while they decreased values at the late stage of shoots growth. Conclusively, from the current results, it can be noticed that the application of all biofertilizers increased dry weight, photosynthetic pigments (chl. a, chl. b and carotenoids), the percentage of total nitrogen were increased either with all doses of biofertilizers in both varieties of soybean (Giza111 and Crawford). the highest increase of total soluble sugars was obtained by the foliar application of 0.25% and 0.5% super blue green biofertilizers especially in Giza111 variety. All micro and macro elements were increased (Na, K, P, Fe, Zn, Mn) except Na on all soybean vaterites.
Journal of Productivity and Development
Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity
1110-2543
25
v.
1
no.
2020
131
147
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_82305_3eeaf8c73b2d208748b51d9ee6a43b72.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jpd.2020.82305