@article { author = {El-Sayed, Abd el ghafour and Sakr, Weaam and Hamouda, Ayman and Saad El-Deen, Fatma}, title = {RESPONSE OF Pelargonium graveolens L. HERIT PLANT TO NPK CHEMICAL FERTILIZATION AND SPRAYING WITH NATURAL LEAF EXTRACTS OF Moringa oleifera AND Aloe vera}, journal = {Journal of Productivity and Development}, volume = {23}, number = {3}, pages = {411-428}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity}, issn = {1110-2543}, eissn = {2682-3322}, doi = {10.21608/jpd.2018.42051}, abstract = {  ABSTRACT A 3 X 7 factorial experiment in split plot design was carried out at the Expt. Farm, Med. & Aroma. Plants Res. Dept., El-Kanater EI- Khaireya, Hort. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center during the two successive seasons of 2013/14 and 2014/15. The aim of study was to investigate the effect of NPK chemical fertilization (3 levels) and foliar spray of leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera and Aloe vera (7 levels) on growth and essential oil production of Pelargonium graveolens L. Herit plant, as well as evaluate to what extent can use natural leaf extracts as a substitute to NPK chemical fertilization. Increases in herb yield per plant (g) and per fad (ton) as well as in essential oil yield per plant (ml) and per fad (l) were found as chemical fertilizer dose increased from 0 %, 50% up to 100 % of the recommended NPK dose (full dose) for pelargonium plant. Full fertilizer dose of 600 kg/ fad ammonium sulphate (20.5% N) + 300 kg/ fad calcium super phosphate (15.5% P2O5) + 150 kg/ fad potassium sulphate (48% K2O) resulted in the highest fresh herb and essential oil yields and this was associated with increasing N and protein percentages in dry herb.  Also, four foliar sprays during growing season with natural leaf extracts of moringa or aloe increased herb yield per plant and per fad and essential oil yield per plant and per fad. The highest fresh herb and essential oil yields were recorded in pelargonium plants sprayed with moringa leaf extract at 6 g/ L followed by sprayed plants with aloe gel leaf extract at 75 ml/ L. When NPK chemical fertilizer interacted with foliar spray of leaf extracts of moringa or aloe, more increases in herb and essential oil yields were noticed. The combined treatment of full NPK recommended dose + spray of moringa leaf extract at 6 g/ L resulted significant increases in herb and oil yields as compare to those plants received full NPK recommended dose without any leaf extracts spray. Additionally, plants fertilized with 50 % of NPK dose (half-recommended dose) + foliar sprayed with moringa leaf extract at 6 g/ L produced herb and essential oil yields equal to or exceeded yields of fertilized plants with 100 % of the recommended NPK dose without leaf extract sprays. In conclusion, it could be recommend that applying four foliar sprays with moringa leaf extract at concentration of 6 g extract/ liter combined with the half NPK recommended dose to reduce demand to NPK chemical fertilizers to half the recommended amount without adverse effects on pelargonium herb and essential oil yields.      }, keywords = {Pelargonium graveolens,Aloe vera,moringa extract,herb yield,essential oil}, url = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42051.html}, eprint = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42051_3c40eb5edee0a67c26000f94c5d04907.pdf} } @article { author = {Bassiony, Saber and Zaghloul, Ali and Abd El-Aziz, Maha}, title = {EFFECT OF IRRIGATION LEVELS WITH FOLIAR SPRAY OF SILICON, CALCIUM AND AMINO ACIDS ON "THOMPSON SEEDLESS" GRAPEVINES. I. YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY}, journal = {Journal of Productivity and Development}, volume = {23}, number = {3}, pages = {429-452}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity}, issn = {1110-2543}, eissn = {2682-3322}, doi = {10.21608/jpd.2018.42054}, abstract = {ABSTRACT This study was conducted during two growing seasons of 2016 and 2017 to evaluate the potential effects of different irrigation levels (30, 50 and 70% depleted of available soil water) after fruit set as well as four foliar applications of Control, Silicon spray at 1.5 g/L, Calcium nitrate at 1 g/L and Amino acids at 2 ml/L, which sprayed at 15-20 cm of shoot length and the second one after fruit set, then these were continuous every two weeks till veraison stage on yield and fruit quality of "Thompson seedless" (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevines grown in clay soil under flow irrigation system in El-Mahalla, Gharbia Governorate. The obtained results revealed that, vines irrigated at 30and 50% depleted from soil available water showed a significant increase in yield and fruit quality compared with 70% depleted from soil available water. The results cleared that, all foliar applications enhancing in all clusters and berries quality, especially with the use of amino acids sprays on cluster (weight and length) and berry (length, diameter and weight of 100 berries). Vines irrigated with 30 and 50% depleted from soil available water in combined with amino acids sprays showed a significant increase in yield and cluster characters (weight, length and number) and berry characters in terms of firmness, removal force, weight and volume of 100 berries. Moreover, foliar spray with calcium as well as silicon was very effective in reducing percentages of berries decay, cracking, wrinkled and berries shatter under all irrigation levels. However, the irrigation at 50% depleted from soil available water level increased berry SSC% and SSC/acid ratio and slightly decreased berry acidity%. Conclusively, the productivity of irrigation water was enhanced in vines irrigated at 50% depleted from soil available water, recommend it can reduce water irrigation by about 50% without losses in total yield with maintaining cluster and berry quality of "Thompson seedless" grape.  }, keywords = {Irrigation,silicon,calcium,Amino acids,fruit quality,"Thompson seedless"}, url = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42054.html}, eprint = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42054_90418bc21c8fa57d1c6e57bcd2a6044b.pdf} } @article { author = {Bassiony, Saber and Zaghloul, Ali and Abd El-Aziz, Maha}, title = {EFFECT OF IRRIGATION LEVELS WITH FOLIAR SPRAY OF SILICON, CALCIUM AND AMINO ACIDS ON "THOMPSON SEEDLESS" GRAPEVINE. II. ENHANCING QUALITY AND STORABILITY}, journal = {Journal of Productivity and Development}, volume = {23}, number = {3}, pages = {453-481}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity}, issn = {1110-2543}, eissn = {2682-3322}, doi = {10.21608/jpd.2018.42056}, abstract = {  This study was conducted during two growing seasons of 2016 and 2017 to evaluate the potential effects of different irrigation levels: 30, 50 and 70% depleted of available soil water (I1, I2 and I3, respectively) after fruit set as well as four foliar applications of Control, Silicon spray at 1.5 g/L, Calcium nitrate at 1 g/L and Amino acids at 2 ml/L (S1, S2, S3 and S4, respectively), which started at 15-20 cm of shoot length and the second one after fruit set, then these were continuous every two weeks till veraison stage on fruit quality and storability of "Thompson seedless" (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevines grown in clay soil under flow irrigation system in El-Mahalla region Gharbia Governorate. The obtained results revealed that, vines irrigated at I1 and I2 recorded a significant increase in berry physical quality parameters in terms of firmness, removal force, berry shatter and chemicals as SSC%, acidity and SSC/acid ratio. However, irrigation at I3 recorded the lowest percent of cluster weight loss until the end of storage period. Calcium as well as silicon sprays, enhanced berry firmness, berry removal force and reduced berries shattering at picking date and during the cold storage period. Moreover, calcium application was more effective in increasing SSC/acid ratio, cluster quality index and marketable cluster percent and reducing physiological weight loss during storage. Foliar spray with amino acids recorded the highest significant values of SSC% and acidity and reduced the decayed berries% at the end of storage period. The combination between I1 or I2 irrigation levels and calcium spray treatments were more effective in enhancing berry firmness, berry removal force, SSC/acid ratio, rachis browning index and marketable cluster percent and reduced shattered berries, decayed berries and cluster weight loss till 60 days of cold storage}, keywords = {Irrigation,silicon,calcium,Amino acids,storability,fruit quality and Thompson seedless}, url = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42056.html}, eprint = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42056_71d194a54d7941f07bb3a1fc01470c44.pdf} } @article { author = {Elwan, Adel and Khalifa, Mohamed and Abdel-Fattah, Mohamed}, title = {A TRIAL OF APPLYING THE HYPER-SPECTRAL SENSING TECHNIQUE IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF SOME SOIL ATTRIBUTES}, journal = {Journal of Productivity and Development}, volume = {23}, number = {3}, pages = {483-503}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity}, issn = {1110-2543}, eissn = {2682-3322}, doi = {10.21608/jpd.2018.42059}, abstract = {  Historically, our understanding of the soil and assessment of its quality and function has been gained through field survey and routine soil physicochemical laboratory analysis. Reflectance spectroscopy can be used to non-destructively characterize materials for a wide range of applications. Hyperspectral remote sensing data provide a rich source of information produced in the form of the spectrum which can be used to identify surface materials. In this study, Field Portable Hyperspectral Radiometer (FPHR) was evaluated in an attempt for prediction of diverse soil properties related to three different soil orders (Vertisols, Aridisols, and Entisols) across Lower Egypt. Eight pedons consisting of 34 samples were collected from different semi-arid areas. Soil horizonation and twelve soil attributes including clay, sand, silt, SOC, pH, EC, A.W, gypsum, CaCO3, Fe2O3, Al2O3, and SiO2 were traditionally analyzed and then correlated with spectral reflectance of the spectrum range. Four bands (blue, green, red, and near-infrared) were calculated for prediction of these variables. The results showed that the variations in spectral reflectance for each horizon across the spectrum range (276-1093 nm) were matched well with those of morphologically described horizons in the field. Additionally, the correlation results of different soil variables were highly correlated with spectral reflectance at different band wavelengths. For example, clay content correlated negatively (r = -0.93) with reflectance at the green band while silt (r = 0.67 at the blue band) and sand (0.87 at the green band) correlated positively. Regression equations were fitted in graphs to attempt the quantification of the soil constituents from their reflectance values. The best predictive models were obtained for clay content (R2 = 0.93), SiO2 (R2 = 0.86), Al2O3 (R2 = 0.85), A.W. (R2 = 0.79), CaCO3 (R2 = 0.79), gypsum (R2 = 0.75), Fe2O3 (R2 = 0.71), sand (R2 = 0.69), silt (R2 = 0.54), and SOC (R2 = 0.51) while the poor prediction was for EC and pH. The results concluded that the spectral reflectance of the spectrum had the potential to differentiate the soil horizonation and to predict the selected soil variable at different wavelength bands. Conclusively, FPHR was shown to be an effective tool for enhanced soil horizon differentiation and the acquisition of soil attributes information.}, keywords = {Hyperspectral,Horizonation,Soil attributes prediction,Soil reflectance}, url = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42059.html}, eprint = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42059_07ae9c512a1a09de9797f3137df9f042.pdf} } @article { author = {Elwan, Adel and Khalil, Mohamed}, title = {QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF DESERTIFICATION IN BAHARIYA OASIS ENVIRONMENT, WESTERN DESERT, EGYPT}, journal = {Journal of Productivity and Development}, volume = {23}, number = {3}, pages = {505-533}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity}, issn = {1110-2543}, eissn = {2682-3322}, doi = {10.21608/jpd.2018.42061}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Human activities as well as natural events can dramatically affect land degradation negatively or positively. In Egypt, agriculture is a key sector of the economy. Land reclamation seeks to transfer desert areas (New lands) to agricultural land and support the construction of new villages. The agricultural productivity improvement of these new lands is slow and requires considerable time due to their fragility and sensitivity to desertification. The main objectives of this study were the assessment, monitoring, and mapping of the areas' most sensitive to desertification in the Bahariya Oasis depression, Egypt; one of the new lands that was targeted for reclamation. Mediterranean desertification and land use (MEDALUS) approach was modified by adding new variables to the soil (SQI), vegetation (VQI), management (MQI) quality indicators while irrigation water quality (IWQI) was considered as a new indicator. The main goals were achieved via: (a) modifiyng the MEDALUS factors to obtain more reliable data at the local level, (b) identifying the most environmentally sensitive areas to desertification in the study area,c) assessing the environmental sensitivity area index (ESAI) for two time series (1984 and 2017) to determine the effects of land reclamation processes, and (d) monitoring the ESAI change between 1984 and 2017 over the studied area. Five landforms were recognized in the Bahariya Oasis depression which are alluvial plain, lowland, peneplain, plateau and hills, and playa. The ESAI results indicated that the 90.6% of the study area in 1984 was decreased to 44.2% in 2017 due to the impact of reclamation processes and high quality of SQI, MQI, and IWQI. By contrast, playa area as land sensitivity to desertification is increased from 15 km2 in 1984 to 25 km2 2017, highlighting the necessity of substantial mitigation policies. Since the Baharyia Oasis is intensively cultivated, more attention is required for the most sensitive areas to desertification in order to achieve sustainable land use in such fragile agro-ecosystems.  }, keywords = {Desertification,sensitivity,Quality indicators,ESAI,Bahariya Oasis,Egypt}, url = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42061.html}, eprint = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42061_26acaaf4bb10b113df198b73703cfce9.pdf} } @article { author = {elawie, Tarek and Zagzog, Osama and Gad, Mohamed and Eisa, ramadan}, title = {EFFECT OF SOME NANO PARTICLE MATERIALS ON LEAF AREA, PHOTO SYNTHETIC PIGMENTS AND MINERALS CONTENT OF MANGO TREES}, journal = {Journal of Productivity and Development}, volume = {23}, number = {3}, pages = {535-554}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity}, issn = {1110-2543}, eissn = {2682-3322}, doi = {10.21608/jpd.2018.42531}, abstract = {This study was carried out during the two growing consecutive seasons 2015 / 2016 on mango trees (Mangifera indica L.) cvs. Zebda and Ewasy, grown in a private orchard at Wadi El-Muolak, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt to evaluate the effect of foliar chitosan and potassium silicate components nano or not nano particle at 15 February before flowering on average leaf area and leaf content of pigments and minerals. Ewasy cv. displayed the highest of their tested attributes in most cases A, B, total Chlorophyll and leaf mineral content compared with Zebda cv. The obtained showed that the tested treatments improved leaf characteristics especially nano chitosan 50 and 150 ppm treatments which increased Chlorophyll B,  total Chlorophyll as well as leaf mineral content in leaf. Furthermore, the trees were sprayed with nano-silica 0.6 and 0.8 g/L showed the highest average leaf area Chlorophyll A and caroteniods pigments in leaf. Conclusively, from results of this research, the resembling conditions that spraying mango trees nano- nano chitosan 50 and 150 ppm nano-silica 0.6 and 0.8 g/L before flowering is desirable for improving leaf characteristics it is recommending,  under Belbeis district, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt}, keywords = {Mango,nano chitosan,nano silicate,Chlorophyll,leaf mineral,Zebda,Ewasy}, url = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42531.html}, eprint = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42531_98e2076f1822819d7cf309d07ab51d0f.pdf} } @article { author = {El Shawish, Fathy}, title = {STUDY THE EFFECT OF GAREN AND VIT- ORG FERTILIZATION ON ALMOND AND APRICOT SEEDLINGS GROWTH}, journal = {Journal of Productivity and Development}, volume = {23}, number = {3}, pages = {555-566}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity}, issn = {1110-2543}, eissn = {2682-3322}, doi = {10.21608/jpd.2018.42533}, abstract = {أجريت الدراسة تحت ظروف المشتل التابع لکلية الزراعة والطب البيطري جامعة ذمار -اليمن خلال الفترة 24  / 12 / 2013 م إلى 1 / 7 / 2014 م. وقد تمت الدراسة على نوعين من الفاکهة اللوزية وهما (اللوز   Prunus amigdalus ) و المشمش Prunus armeniaca)  ، وقد جمعت بذور اللوز من محافظة صنعاء  وبذور المشمش من مدينة ذمار کما تم تجهيز الشتلات باجراء عملية التنضيد البارد للبذور في المشتل على درجة 0  - 5  درجة مئوية ، عوملت الشتلات الناتجة بخمس معاملات سمادية ، وبتراکيز مختلفة وهي المعاملة بسماد الأعشاب البحرية (الجارين) بترکيز (2 ، 3 مل / لتر) ، والسماد العضوي (الفيت أورج) بترکيز (2 ، 3 مل / لتر) ، إضافة إلى معاملة الشاهد . جمعت البيانات وتم تحليلها إحصائيا کتجربة عامليه باستخدام تصميم القطاعات العشوائية الکاملة RCBD وأظهرت النتائج تفوق شتلات المشمش على شتلات اللوز في معدل الزيادة في مواصفات النمو الخضري للشتلة ، کما تفوقت المعاملة بسماد الأعشاب البحرية (الجارين) وخاصة الترکيز 3 مل / لتر في معدلات الزيادة في مواصفات النمو الخضري للشتلة على بقية المعاملات حيث أعطت أفضل زيادة کلية في عدد الأوراق بلغت 91.80 ورقة / شتلة و في عدد الأفرع بلغت 10.33فرع / شتلة و في طول الشتلة بلغت 15.84 سم ، وکذلک في قطر الساق بلغت 1.54 سم ، وحقق سماد الأعشاب البحرية 2 مل/ لتر أفضل سمک الجذر بلغ77 .2 ملم ، وکذلک افضل طول جذر بلغ 65.27 سم ، بينما أعطى السماد العضوي بترکيز 2 مل/ لتر أفضل معدل لعدد الجذور بلغ 50.35 (جذر/ شتلة) ، وقد أثر السماد العضوي باستخدام الترکيز 3 مل/ لتر على بعض الصفات حيث حقق أفضل وزن طري للشتلة بلغ84 .12 جم وأفضل وزن جاف للشتلة بلغ 72.4 جم  وأفضل وزن طري للجذر بلغ 33. 8جم}, keywords = {اللوز– المشمش- البذرة – التنضيد البارد– سماد الجارين– سماد الفيت اورج- شتلات نمو}, url = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42533.html}, eprint = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42533_b3833f35bacb184ca5853d4fdbe86d2a.pdf} } @article { author = {M.Hussain, Amal and Mahdi, Mohamed and Khader, Mohamed and Mostafa, Magdy}, title = {FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEGREE OF KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLEMENTATION OF FARMERS OF THE TECHNICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CUCUMBER CULTIVATION UNDER THE TUNNELS IN ISMAILIA GOVERNORATE}, journal = {Journal of Productivity and Development}, volume = {23}, number = {3}, pages = {576-587}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity}, issn = {1110-2543}, eissn = {2682-3322}, doi = {10.21608/jpd.2018.42537}, abstract = {      نظرا لتکاثر محصول الخيار فى فترات معينة من العام وندرته فى أوقات أخرى وحساسيته للتقلبات المناخية ، اضافة الى کونه أحد الدعائم الأساسية فى النمط الغذائى المصرى والتى يندر ايجاد بديل لها ، ظهرت الحاجة الى الاستفادة من انتشار أساليب الزراعة المحمية فى انتاجه ، حيث يتميز انتاج هذه الاساليب بالزيادة عند مقارنته بأسلوب الزراعة التقليدى فى الحقل المکشوف مما يعمل على توازن الأسعار الى حد کبير خاصة فى فترات نقص المعروض من المحصول وربما يرجع  هذا لنقص بعض معارف ومهارات الزراع التى قد تؤدى بدورها الى عدم تطبيق هؤلاء الزراع لبعض التوصيات الفنية الموصى بها والخاصة بزراعة الطماطم فى أنفاق     استهدفت هذه الدراسة التعرف على مستوى تنفيذ الزراع المبحوثين للتوصيات الفنية الخاصة بزراعة محصول الخيار تحت الأنفاق وکذلک علاقة مستوى تنفيذ الزراع المبحوثين للتوصيات الفنية الخاصة بزراعة محصول الخيار تحت الأنفاق والاسهام النسبى لبعض المتغيرات المستقلة المدروسة فى تفسير التباين الکلى المعنوى فى درجة تنفيذ المبحوثين المتعلقة بالتوصيات الفنية الخاصة بزراعة محصول الخيار وايضا التعرف على المشاکل التى تواجه الزراع المبحوثين عند زراعة محصول الخيار تحت الأنفاق ومقترحاتهم لحل هذه المشاکل .     تم اختيار عينة عشوائية من عدد قريتين من مرکز القصاصين بلغ عددها 100 مبحوث من اجمالى الحائزين من زراع الخيار فى أنفاق داخل القرى المختارة وهم القصاصين الجديدة ، والمحسمة القديمة والبالغ عددهم 127 مزارعا وتم تحديد العينة بأستخدام معادلة کريجسى ومورجان ، وقد تم جمع البيانات من المبحوثين باستخدام استمارة استبيان بالمقابلة الشخصية ، جمعت لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة ، وتم اختيارها للوقوف على صدقها وثباتها .خلال شهر يناير وفبراير عام 2016 ، واستخدم فى تحليل النتائج وعرضها  العرض الجدولى بالتکرارات والنسب المئوية ، والمتوسط الحسابى ، ومعامل الارتباط البسيط ، والانحدار المتعدد التدريجى الصاعد  باستخدام البرنامج الاحصائى للعلوم الاجتماعية SPSS}, keywords = {Degree Of Knowledge,Implementation Of Farmers,Technical Recommendations,Cucumber Cultivation,Ismailia Governorate}, url = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42537.html}, eprint = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42537_e0192c3dc8ab8d9ef66c1f3745c1cba2.pdf} } @article { author = {Khalifa, Gehan and Ismail, Ibrahim and Rabie, Mohamed}, title = {ANALYTICAL STUDY IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE EGYPTIAN AGRICULTURAL FOREIGN TRADE DURING THE PERIOD OF 1990 – 2012}, journal = {Journal of Productivity and Development}, volume = {23}, number = {3}, pages = {589-606}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity}, issn = {1110-2543}, eissn = {2682-3322}, doi = {10.21608/jpd.2018.42539}, abstract = {يوضح البحث اهمية التجارة الخارجية الزراعية في الاقتصاد القومي خلال فترة الدراسة 1995-2015 حيث تبين ذلک من خلال استخدام مجموعة من المؤشرات لقياس اهمية قطاع الزراعة من خلال حجم التجارة الزراعية حيث يتبين ان تمثل نحو 15.5% من حجم التجارة الکلية خلال فترة الدراسة ، وتمثل نحو 5% من حجم الدخل القومي خلال نفس الفترة . وبالنسبة لمتوسط نصيب الفردين أن نصيب الفرد من التجارة الخارجية الکلية نحو 579.6 دولار ومن التجارة الزراعية نحو 79.3 دولار کمتوسط لفترة الدراسة وتبين ارتفاع نصيب الفرد من التجارة الخارجية والزراعية خلال تلک الفترة مما يدل علي اهمية ودور التجارة الخارجية للفرد . وبلغ متوسط نصيب الفردين للصادرات الزراعية نحو 20.6 دولار ، اما للواردات فقط بلغ نحو 64.3 دولار وتبين زيادة نصيب الفرد من الواردات بمعدلات اعلي من زيادة نصيب الفرد من الصادرات . وتم قياس کفاءة التجارة الخارجية بإستخدام مؤشرات التجارة الخارجية وهي الميل للصادارات والميل للواردات ومعدل التعبئة وقد تبين ان معدل التغضية ارتفع خلال فترة الدراسة وايضا ارتفاع الميل المتوسط للصادرات من نحو 5.7% الي نحو 10.0% کنهاية الفترة  ، وايضا ارتفاع الميل للواردات من 29% الي نحو 60% في بعض السنوات وهکذا اتجاه الواردات ايضا حقق معدل نمو الصادرات الحقيقي نمواً قدر بنحو 29% کمتوسط لتلک الفترة ، وأوضح البحث تراجع معدل التعبئة خلال تلک الفترة سواء بالنسبة للواردات الکلية الزراعية حيث انخفض معدل التعبئة للواردات الزراعية بأکثر من 50% في نهاية الفترة عن بداية الفترة وتراجع معدل التعبئة الي نحو 3.6% خلال فترة الدراسة مما اتبع ذلک زيادة معدل تغطية الصادرات من نحو 16% في  1995 الي نحو 41% في 2014 وبمتوسط سنوي بلغ نحو 28.6%.}, keywords = {analytical study,structure of the Egyptian agricultural,foreign trade,period of 1990 – 2012}, url = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42539.html}, eprint = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42539_e65e42f6a5bfacce2f0ae6fdcfce0756.pdf} } @article { author = {hafez, yasser}, title = {EFFECT OF HUMIC ACID SOIL APPLICATION AND FOLIAR SPRAY OF SOME NUTRIENT ELEMENTS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF Lepidium sativum PLANT}, journal = {Journal of Productivity and Development}, volume = {23}, number = {3}, pages = {607-625}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity}, issn = {1110-2543}, eissn = {2682-3322}, doi = {10.21608/jpd.2018.42542}, abstract = {  A factorial experiment between four humic acid levels (0, 1, 2 and 4% as soil application) and three Aromatic-Power fertilizer levels (0, 0.5 and 1 % as foliar spray) was conducted during the two successive winter seasons of 2012/13 and 2013/14 at the Expt. Farm Hort. Res. Station at Sides, Agric. Res. Center, Beni Suef Governorate. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of humic acid and aromatic-power and their interactions on growth, yield, fixed and volatile oils production, as well as, some chemical constituents of Lepidium sativum L. plant, as an effective and inexpensive alternative for plant nutrition. All studied vegetative growth traits; i.e., plant height (cm), branches number/ plant and herb fresh and dry weights/ plot (kg) were significantly increased by humic acid applications. Such enhancements in plant growth were reflected as significant increases in number of silique/ plant, weight of 1000 seeds (g), fruit yield per plot and per fad (kg) and fixed and volatile oils percentages and yields/ fad in seeds as well as percentages of total nitrogen,totalprotein, total carbohydrates and lipids in seeds. The highest yield and quality were found in plants received the highest humic acid level of 4%. Foliar spray of Aromatic-power fertilizer significantly improved the abovementioned traits of growth, yield, oils production and chemical constituents of seeds. The highest rate of 1% Aromatic-power was the superior in increasing plant growth and yield and its quality. More increases in plant growth and in seed yield and its quality were noticed when humic acid interacted with Aromatic-power fertilization.   Conclusively, it could be recommend that using humic acid (Hammar compound) as soil application at 4% three times during season interacted with foliar nutrient of Aromatic-power fertilizer at 1% three times during season as an effective and inexpensive alternative to plant nutrition for enhance garden cress growth and yield. }, keywords = {Lepidium sativum L,Humic acid,amino acids- organic acids- chelated-microelements,Chemical composition}, url = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42542.html}, eprint = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42542_9acb01ce5a768805403fd6971939d4b8.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Zawily, Ab el shaheed and El-Sawy, Mohamed and EL-Semellawy, El samahy and Abd-EL-Ghaffar, Rania}, title = {EFFECT OF MAGNETIZATION AND NANO POTASSIUM PARTICLES ON GROWTH, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF CUCUMBER UNDER PLASTIC HOUSE CONDITIONS}, journal = {Journal of Productivity and Development}, volume = {23}, number = {3}, pages = {627-652}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity}, issn = {1110-2543}, eissn = {2682-3322}, doi = {10.21608/jpd.2018.42548}, abstract = {  Two experiments were carried out under unheated plastic house conditions during the two seasons of 2014/15 and 2016/17 on cucumber cultivar (Hesham F1 hybrid) at the Protect Agriculture Location, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University in the first season and at the Experimental Farm, Sakha Horticulture Research Station, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center in the second one, to study the effect of magnetization (control, magnetite, magnetized water and magnetite plus magnetized water), nano potassium particles (bulk 100% and nano form; 100, 75, 50 and 25% of recommended rate) and their combined interaction on vegetative growth parameters, fruit yield and its components, fruit quality and leaves chemical content. The results can be summarized as follows: Cucumber plants treated with magnetite plus magnetized water treatment produced the highest values of vegetative growth parameters, i.e., plant height, number of internodes, number of leaves, number branches, leaf area index and dry matter of the 6th leaf, early and total fruit yield (weight and number), fruit quality; fruit length, diameter, soluble solids content and firmness and leaves chemical content; total green color reading (SPAD), N, P and K compared to nontreated plants (control) which had the lowest values. As for nano potassium application treatments, 100 and 75% nano potassium particles followed by bulk potassium form treatments resulted in an increment of abovementioned vegetative growth characters, early and total fruit yields, fruit quality and leaves chemical content, while 25 % nano potassium particles treatment gave the lowest values in both seasons. The combined interaction between magnetite plus magnetized water and either 100 or 75% nano potassium particles followed by bulk potassium form treatments were better than the other combined interactions which gave the highest records of abovementioned characters in both seasons. Conclusively, it could be recommended that the treatment of combination between magnetite + magnetized water with both of 100 or 75 % nano potassium particles were more suitable for obtaining the largest early and total yields with good fruit quality and more profitable for growers and consumers of cucumber grown in the autumn season inside the plastic houses under Kafrelsheikh conditions and similar areas.}, keywords = {: Cucumber,magnetization,Magnetite,magnetized water,Nano potassium,Vegetative growth,fruit quality}, url = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42548.html}, eprint = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42548_955eca1bd45502375bbfc7a5b2c8a49b.pdf} } @article { author = {Hamail, Aly and Hamada, Mohamed and El-Awady, Aml and Salim, Mona}, title = {EFFECT OF FOLIAR SPRAY WITH SOME PLANTS EXTRACTS AND DIFFERENT CALCIUM SOURCES ON PRODUCTIVITY AND QUILTY OF STRAWBERRY FRUITS. I. VEGETATIVE GROWTH , PRODUCTIVITY AND FRUIT QUALITY}, journal = {Journal of Productivity and Development}, volume = {23}, number = {3}, pages = {653-667}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity}, issn = {1110-2543}, eissn = {2682-3322}, doi = {10.21608/jpd.2018.42551}, abstract = {ABSTRACT: Two pots experiments were conducted in Baramoon Res. Station, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt during of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons to  study  the effect of some exogenous plant extracts and  different  calcium sources on   growth , productivity and  fruit quality of strawberry. Three available plants extract namely, green tea, thyme and mushroom at 2 ml /l of each  as well as chitosan at 1% and different calcium sources, i.e., calcium chloride (1 %), calcium citrate (2.5 ml/l)  and calcium nitrate ( 0.5 ml /l)  were evaluated plus control  treatment ( spraying with tap water) . The obtained results could be summarized as follows: All treatments of plant extracts, chitosan and different calcium sources had significantly increased vegetative growth, yield and its components and  fruits quality  of strawberry than control treatment ( sprayed with tap water) in both  seasons.  Spraying strawberry plants with green tea extract at 2 ml / l gave the maximum values of all vegetative growth parameters, such as plant height, fresh weight/ plant, number of leaves per plant and leaf area, concentrations of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll in leaf tissues, both number of runners, flowers and crown / plant, crown diameter/plant and total yield/ plant  as well as average fruit weight,  also  the highest fruit quality , i.e., pectin,  Vit. C ,  TSS,  total sugars, reducing and nun reducing   and lowest values of total acidity, followed by  spraying with mushroom extract  at 2 ml / l or  calcium nitrate at 0.5 ml/l . The increases in total yield/ plant were about 78.94 and 68.48 % for spraying plants with green tea extract and 55.93 and 62.56 % for spraying plants with calcium nitrate over unsprayed plants           (control  treatment ) in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively. Conclusively, from the  foregoing results of this study, it could be concluded that, under the same conditions  , spraying  strawberry plants  with  plants extracts such as green tea or  mushroom  extracts at 2 ml / l or  calcium nitrate at 0.5 ml/l  were the best treatments for  increasing  growth , yield and gave the best fruits quality .}, keywords = {strawberry,plant extract,calcium sources,yield,fruit quality}, url = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42551.html}, eprint = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42551_b32b079e4611dde98a68481152e6ba91.pdf} } @article { author = {Nasr, Abd el salam and Elsharkawy, Hamza and Sand, reiad and santeel, fathy}, title = {DIFFERENT SUPPLEMENTARY PROTEIN DIETS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON SEASONAL BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES LOCAL CARONIOLAN HYBRID BEE (Apis mellifera L.) STRAIN.}, journal = {Journal of Productivity and Development}, volume = {23}, number = {3}, pages = {669-678}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity}, issn = {1110-2543}, eissn = {2682-3322}, doi = {10.21608/jpd.2018.42553}, abstract = {  This study is carried out in the village of Awlad Mousa, the center of the eastern Abu Kabir, Sharkia, Egypt on private apiaries 18 cells Carniolan hybrid bee strains. The results showed that feeding the honeybee colonies on dried brewer’s yeast (Sccharomyces Sp.) at 25% concentration (Diet D) at 14 day intervals for two month of spring season (25/3 - 29/5/2015) produced more broods average 1168.64 ± 10.47 worker broods/day with a higher brood rearing rate than the other feeding regimes in the experiment.  The mean areas of pollen stored by Local Caroniolan hybrid bee strain colonies during the (summer period) period from Jun 1st, 2015 until Oct. 6th, 2015, measured at 14-day intervals. Carniolan hybrid colonies stored 1418 sq. inch. of pollen /colony during experiment period. Statistical analysis indicated that Artificial feed colonies stored significantly more pollen than by control colonies at all measuring date. Summed data showed that the overall mean of sq. inches sealed honey stored by Diet (B) (401 sq. inch. /3 colonies) was significantly higher that stored by other colonies having other diets in descending order F, A, C, D and E they were 348, 337, 330, 302, 281 and sq. inch. /colony, respectively . Conclusively, from these results it could be concluded that the best diet for stored honey bee by Diet B than the other feeding regimes in the experiment. }, keywords = {feeding,honey bee colony,Apis mellifera,protein supplement & substitute,sugar syrup,pollen cake,brood rearing,stored honey & pollen}, url = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42553.html}, eprint = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42553_536db36d10ba9135e0f2ceba7d54f576.pdf} } @article { author = {Badawy, Abd el hakeem and Mohamed, Hassan}, title = {EFFECT OF PLANT DENSITY ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF TWO GARLIC CULTIVARS UNDER SOHAG CLIMATIC CONDITIONS}, journal = {Journal of Productivity and Development}, volume = {23}, number = {3}, pages = {679-690}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity}, issn = {1110-2543}, eissn = {2682-3322}, doi = {10.21608/jpd.2018.42581}, abstract = {  One field experiment was carried out during the two successive winter seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 at a Private Farm at Sohag Governorate, tostudythe effect of two cultivars (Balady and Sids 40) and three plant densities (one, two and three rows in ridge) on growth, yield and bulb quality of garlic, these treatments were arranged in a split plot design with three replicates, garlic cultivars were arranged in the main plot, while plant densities were arranged in the sub plot. The obtained results could be summarized as follows: The interaction between Balady cultivar and planting in one row/ ridge   recorded the tallest plants in both seasons. The percentages of dry matter of both leaves/plant and bulb, both bulb diameter and weight as well as clove weight were the highest with the interaction between Sids 40 and planting in one row/ ridge in both seasons. While, the highest total fresh (15.96 and 14.03 ton/fed.)  and cured yield (10.02 and 8.80 ton/fed.)  were obtained with the interaction between Sids 40 cultivar and planting in three rows/ ridge in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively, this treatment recorded relative increases in total fresh yield /fed. were about 56.31 and 58.89 % and total cured yield /fed were about 40.33 and 43.08 % over the interaction between Balady cultivar and planting in one row/ ridge. in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.  Conclusively, under the conditions of this study, cultivated garlic cv Sids 40 in three rows / ridge for the best interaction treatment for increasing the productivity of garlic yield under Sohag climatic conditions.}, keywords = {Garlic,plant density,plant growth,yield}, url = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42581.html}, eprint = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42581_dba3f05ddf952a374d5abf78d363909f.pdf} } @article { author = {ezzat, waheed and Habib, Arafa and Rezik, yaser and Beshara, alak}, title = {EFFECTS OF BETAINE WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF GUANDINO ACETIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION ON PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF LOCAL MAMOURAH STRAIN DURING SUMMER SEASON IN EGYPT.}, journal = {Journal of Productivity and Development}, volume = {23}, number = {3}, pages = {691-715}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity}, issn = {1110-2543}, eissn = {2682-3322}, doi = {10.21608/jpd.2018.42601}, abstract = {ABSTRACT:  The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of adding betaine with different levels of guandino acetic acid (GAA) on the productive and reproductive performances of the Mamourah chickens strain, under Egyptian summer conditions. A total number of 192 laying hens and 24 cocks of Mamourah chickens at 48 weeks of age (At 63.24 % egg production) was used in a completely randomized design and randomly assigned into 8 experimental similar groups in body weight and egg production (24 hens + 3 cocks in each treatment group), each group with three replications (8hens +1 cock in each replicate) and was kept in a single cage within an open system house until 60 weeks of age. The experimental 8 groups were arranged as control, and that fed a basal diet supplemented with 1600 mg betaine/kg diet, while the third up fifth groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 600, 800 and 1000 mg guandino acetic acid/kg diet, respectively, and from the sixth to the eighth groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 1600 mg betaine/kg diet and 600, 800 and 1000 mg guandino acetic acid/kg diet. The obtained results showed that, dietary betaine and GAA had no significant (P<0.05) effect on body weight changes (BWC),feed intake (FI), egg weight (EW), hatchability/fertility eggs (%), chick hatch weight (gm), total antioxidant capacity (TAOC)  of Mamourah layers during the whole experimental period.  Feed conversion ratio (FCR), egg production (EP) and egg mass (EM)  significantly (P<0.01) improved in hens fed the diet containing 1600 mg betaine + 600 mg/Kg GAA as compared to the control group. Fertility eggs (%) and hatchability/total eggs (%) were significantly (P<0.05 and 0.01) higher for layers fed diets contained betaine, GAA and their mixtures., Increasing the amount of GAA significantly (P≤0.05) increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). However, Malonidialdehyde (MDA) caused decreased significantly (P≤0.05) with supplementing either dietary betaine, GAA and their mixtures as compared with the control group. Dietary supplementation of either betaine,  GAA and their mixtures improved significantly (P<0.05) sperm motility (%), dead spermatozoa (%), sperm abnormalities (%), sperm-cell concentration (X 109/ml) and acrosomal damage (%) as compared with the control group. Feeding Mamourah layers a diet supplemented with1600 mg betaine + 600 mg GAA recorded the highest net revenue and the best economical efficiency. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of betaine with various levels of GAA might be potentially used to improve each of EP, fertility eggs (%) and hatchability per total eggs (%) of Mamourah laying hens and most characters of semen quality for cocks under summer season conditions in Egypt.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42601.html}, eprint = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42601_7872b24db53248533bdda9bc262707f1.pdf} } @article { author = {Ibrahim, Wesam and Tawfeek, Mostafa and Rashwan, Aly and Bealish, Ahmed}, title = {EFFECT OF DIETARY OF PALM POLLEN AND GINSENG SUPPLEMENTATION ON PRODUCTIVE, REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS AND SOME PHSIOLOGICAL PAMETERS OF LAYING JAPANESE QUAILS.}, journal = {Journal of Productivity and Development}, volume = {23}, number = {3}, pages = {717-737}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity}, issn = {1110-2543}, eissn = {2682-3322}, doi = {10.21608/jpd.2018.42607}, abstract = {A total number of 108 Japanese quail birds (72 females and 36 males) at 6 weeks old was used to evaluate the supplementation of either Palm Pollen(PP) or PanaxGinseng (PG) or their mixture to the diets of laying quail on productive, reproductive traits and some physiological parameters. Quails were weighed individually, randomly (201.97gm ± 1.13 body weight) distributed into four experimental groups. Each group contained 27 birds (18 hens and 9 males). The first group was fed the basal diet as control group (without any supplementation), the second group was fed the basal diet and supplemented with 5 g PP/kg diet, the third group was supplemented with 0.5 g PG/kg diet and the fourth group was supplemented with 5g PP +0.5g PG /kg diet during the experimental period from 7 to 22 weeks of age. Each group was divided into three replicates of 6 females and 3 males in each.          The results indicated that quails fed either Palm Pollen or PanaxGinseng or their mixed had significant (P<0.01) increased live body weight change (weight gain), egg  production percentage and egg mass as well as improved(P<0.01) feed conversion ratio (g feed/g egg mass) as compared with control group. However, percentage of fertility and hatchability of egg sets had significant (P<0.01) increased. Sperm motility (% ) and sperm-cell concentration                 (x109/ml) of quails treated with  supplemented of PP and PG  significantly (P<0.01) increased compared with the other treatment groups, while dead spermatozoa (%), sperm abnormalities (%) and acrosomal damage (%) of quails treated with  PP or PG and their mixture significantly (P<0.01) decreased compared with the control group. Fertility, and hatchability of egg sets laying were significantly (P<0.01) increased compared with control group.  Total protein increased significantly (P<0.01) However, blood serum tri-glycerides, cholesterol and glucose concentration decreased significantly (P<0.01). The histological findings in testes of male treated with either PP or PG or their mixture showed an improvement of the cellular activity and spermatogenesis in the testicular sections.         Conclusively, supplementing of Palm Pollen 5 g PP/kg diet or Panax Ginseng  (0.5 g PG/kg diet) and their mixture to the diet of laying quails can be used safely significantly increasing appease productive and reproductive performance of quails. }, keywords = {Laying Quail,Palm Pollen,Ginseng Panax Productive,Reproductive Fertility,Hatchability,testicular}, url = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42607.html}, eprint = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42607_42bc9fb651fd76dfbca4b36edf6a7844.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Garhy, Lobna and Ramadan, Mohamed}, title = {AN ECONOMIC STUDY FOR GREEN BEANS PRODUCTION IN AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSES}, journal = {Journal of Productivity and Development}, volume = {23}, number = {3}, pages = {739-753}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity}, issn = {1110-2543}, eissn = {2682-3322}, doi = {10.21608/jpd.2018.42615}, abstract = {استهدف البحث دراسة اقتصاديات إنتاج الفاصوليا الخضراء بالصوب الزراعية والتى تندرج تحت الزراعة المحمية، من خلال التعرف على محددات الطاقة الإنتاجية والکفاءة الاقتصادية للصوب الزراعية في مصر بصفة عامة، ولمحصول الفاصوليا الخضراء موضع الدراسة بصفة خاصة، وکذا دراسة التقييم المالي لهذا الاسلوب الإنتاجى ومدى تحملها للمخاطر من خلال قياس حساسيتها لإرتفاع تکاليف الإنتاج وانخفاض الإيرادات، واستند البحث على أسلوب التحليل الإحصائى الوصفي والکمي بإستخدام النماذج الرياضية المختلفة، وکذلک إستخدام معايير التحليل المالي کما أعدها البنک الدولي لإستخدامها وتطبيقها للحکم على مدى ربحية هذا النشاط. وتوصل البحث الى عدة نتائج أهمها: (1) متوسط عدد صوب الفاصوليا الخضراء في مصر بلغ نحو 6.89 ألف صوبة لمتوسط الفترة (2004-2016). (2) وجود إتجاهاً عاماً متزايداً ومعنوي إحصائياً بلغ حوالي 440 صوبة سنوياً. (3) وجود إتجاهاً عاماً متزايداً ومعنوي إحصائياً فى حجم الإنتاج بلغ حوالي 1.76 ألف طن سنوياً. (4) إرتفاع الکفاءة الإنتاجية لفدان الصوب الزراعية مقارنة بإنتاجية الفدان للزراعة المکشوفة لمحصول الفاصوليا الخضراء بنسبة بلغت نحو  248.46%  أى حوالى مرتين ونصف خلال فترة الدراسة. (5) تحقق الجدوى المالية لمشروع إنتاج الفاصوليا الخضراء فى الصوب الزراعية حيث بلغ معدل العائد الداخلي  نحو 79%  وهذا يزيد عن تکلفة الفرصة البديلة لاستثمار رأس المال فى المجتمع والتى يمثلها سعر الخصم والبالغ 20%. (6) أن مشروع الصوب الزراعية لمحصول الفاصوليا الخضراء ذو جدوى اقتصادية من الناحية المالية نتيجة التغيرات المحتملة على الإيرادات والتکاليف التشغيلية سالفة الذکر، کما تبين أن أثر تغير الإيرادات أکبر من أثر تغير تکاليف التشغيل، کما تبيين أن مشروع الصوب الزراعية ذو جدوى اقتصادية في حالتى انخفاض الإيرادات وارتفاع تکاليف التشغيل معاً بنسبة 30%، حيث قدر معدل العائد الداخلي بنحو  24% أکبر من معامل الخصم وتکلفة الفرصة البديلة والبالغة 20%.}, keywords = {الصوب الزراعية,الفاصوليا الخضراء,إنتاج,اقتصاديات الزراعة المحمية}, url = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42615.html}, eprint = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42615_acb9adeabc47616bef86ef6bbade251e.pdf} } @article { author = {Mansour, Fawzy and Abu El-Fotoh, Hanan}, title = {EFFECT OF PLANTING DATE , IRRIGATION LEVEL AND FOLIAR SPRAYING WITH CALCIUM AND BORON TREATMENTS ON POTATO 1. PLANT GROWTH , PLANT WATER RELATIONSHIP AND PLANT CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS}, journal = {Journal of Productivity and Development}, volume = {23}, number = {3}, pages = {755-788}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity}, issn = {1110-2543}, eissn = {2682-3322}, doi = {10.21608/jpd.2018.42623}, abstract = {ABSTRACT A filed experiment was carried out during  the two  successive seasons  of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 at the Experimental Farm of El- Gemmeiza, Agric Res. Station, A. R.C., Gharbya Governorate  (Middle Delta, Egypt) to study the effect of planting date (20th September  (Sep.) and 10th October (Oct.),  irrigation water level at  50, 75 and 100 %  from the filed capacity (FC) and  two  foliar  spray treatments with calcium chloride (1%) and boron  ( 60 ppm) singly or in combinations,  beside  unsprayed treatment as well as their interactions on growth, plant water relationship and plant chemical compositionof potato(Mondial  cv.)  under clay  soil conditions using flood irrigation system. These treatments were arranged in a split split plot design with three replicates. Planting date was arranged in the main plots, irrigation water quantities were in the sub plots, while foliar spray treatments were randomly distributed in the sub sub plots. The obtained results indicate that, the tertiary interactions of  planting on 10th Oct., irrigation  at  100 %  of FC and spraying  potato plants with  calcium and boron in combination  gave the highest values of plant height , both fresh and dry weight of shoot/ plant, total  and free water % as well as total chlorophyll ( a+b)  in leaf tissues, N, P, K, Ca ,  Boron and  total carbohydrates contents in shoots in both seasons. While the tertiary  interactions of planting on 20th Sep., irrigation level at 50 % from FC and unsprayed with calcium and boron gave the   highest values of bound water % and proline amino acid in  leaf tissues in both seasons. Conclusively,  under similar conditions it could be concluded that , the tertiary interaction of planting  on 10th Oct , irrigation  at 100 % FC  and  sprayed plants  with Ca + B were the best interaction treatments  for enhancing plant growth  and chemical constituents in shoot  of  potato  grown  in  clay soil under the same conditions.}, keywords = {planting date,Irrigation Level & Foliar Spraying,calcium,Boron,potato,plant growth,Plant Water}, url = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42623.html}, eprint = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42623_e022da0c424f23beb10a473066249f18.pdf} } @article { author = {Soliman, Ibrahim and Bassiony, Halah}, title = {IMPACT OF ARABIC-SPRING ON COMPETITIVENESS OF ARAB STATES AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS TO EU MARKETS}, journal = {Journal of Productivity and Development}, volume = {23}, number = {3}, pages = {789-805}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity}, issn = {1110-2543}, eissn = {2682-3322}, doi = {10.21608/jpd.2018.42624}, abstract = {ABSTRACT The Arab States trade (21 Countries) with the EU countries represents the largest proportion of their total trade with the whole world. It amounted to more than 60% in 2011. Even though, the share of EU-markets in Arab States agricultural  exports declined to 33% in 2018 but has remained  the first market in terms of the agricultural exports value of the Arab countries. The revolutionary movements in five Arab countries (Tunisia, Egypt, Syria, Yemen and Libya) which was called Arab-Spring has had dramatic impacts on the economies of those countries.  Thereof, this study targeted a comprehensive evaluation of sustainable competitive agricultural exports to EU-markets through application of a model of four components. The first was estimation of the annual revealed comparative index (RCA) over two periods (2000-2010) representing the Pre-Arab-Spring era and (2011-2017) representing the Post-Arab-Spring era. Second was selecting the exported food commodity groups, from Arab-Spring States to EU- markets that recognized values of RCA index above one along the years of each period. Secondly, a time-trend model was estimated for each identified food commodity group along each period to estimate the annual change in the RCA. Thirdly, the annual average of RCA index of the selected food groups was compared among the concerned countries. Fourthly, the study estimated a stability coefficient for each identified exported food group of each named five countries. Five sources of data were used to build up the trade flow matrix of 10 food commodity groups of the concerned countries. As Libya agricultural exports has not passed any of the four applied criteria the analysis identified Fish (Tunisia and Yemen, vegetables and fruits (Egypt, Tunisia and Syria), sugar and Honey (Egypt and Syria) and tea, cocoa and spices (Syria). However, only Egypt and Tunisia showed sustainable competitiveness during the Post-Arb-Spring era, even though at less criteria than the Pre-Arab-Spring era. The sustainable competitiveness of all commodity groups but vegetables and fruits showed a declining performance either before or after the Arab-Spring era. The study underlined the importance of coordination and integration of the exports policies among the four identified Arab countries to raise their sustainable competitiveness in the European markets. As the four countries enjoy diversification in climate, water, soil resources and location advantages, they can establish joint venture projects for grading packing processing, storage and transportation network.}, keywords = {competitiveness,Revealed Comparative Advantage,instability,Sustainability}, url = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42624.html}, eprint = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42624_187709b870ca5a0c81e6b52582d7f855.pdf} }