@article { author = {Sarhan, Aly and Abd El-Maksoud, Magdy}, title = {RESPONSE OF TWO WHEAT CULTIVARS TO ROW SPACING AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION LEVELS UNDER RECLAIMED SANDY SOILS}, journal = {Journal of Productivity and Development}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {1-17}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity}, issn = {1110-2543}, eissn = {2682-3322}, doi = {10.21608/jpd.2011.42425}, abstract = {Two field experiments were carried out in a private farm at Wadi El-Mollak region, Abo-Hammad District, Sharkia Governorate, during two winter seasons [2007/ 2008 and 2008/2009] in à reclamid sandy soil. This study aimed to invstigate the response of two wheat cultivars [ Giza168 and Sakha 93] to row spacing (12,15 and 18 cm between rows] and nitrogen fertilization levels [50, 70, 90 and 110 kgN/fad]. The split-split plot design with four replicates was followed. The important findings of this study could be summarized as follows:    Wheat cultivars under this study differed significantly in the most of their studied characters. Sakha 93 cv was superior than Giza 168 one in grain yield in t/fad. The obtained results showed that the average values of plant height (cm), number of tillers/ plant, leaf area cm2/plant, flag leaf area(cm2), spike length (cm), number of grains/ spike and 1000- grain weight(g) increased significantly with increasing row spacing from 12 to 18 cm, but mortality%, number of spikes/m2, grain yield and straw yield in t/ fad were decreased.    Growth characters, yield and its components were increased significantly due to increasing nitrogen fertilization level from 50 up to110kgN/fad, meantime the mortality of tillers% was decreased with increasing the applied N levels to90kgN/fad. The significant interaction effect between the studied factors indicated that. The highest grain yield could be scored, when the plants grown at 12cm row spacing received 90kgN/fad.  }, keywords = {Row spacing,mortality,Tillering,Growth,yield}, url = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42425.html}, eprint = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42425_d5b6e2894fd9927e9065c856bd578aaa.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd El-Maksoud, Magdy and Khamis, Magdy and Abd Alla, Maha}, title = {IMPACT OF SPLITTING SOME SOURCES OF NITROGEN FRTILIZER ON WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY AND NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY}, journal = {Journal of Productivity and Development}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {19-36}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity}, issn = {1110-2543}, eissn = {2682-3322}, doi = {10.21608/jpd.2011.42426}, abstract = {Maximizing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is an increasingly important aspect of crop management systems because of both economics and environment pressures. Studies to increase profitability and NUE in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production are needed to develop more sustainable systems in El-Sharkia Governorate. Two field experiments were carried out at an administration field at Sheiba Village, El-Zagazig District, El-Sharkia Governorate. Egypt during two winter seasons 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 to investigate the effect of splitting some sources of nitrogen fertilizer on wheat yield, yield components and nitrogen use efficiency. The study included nine treatments, which were the combinations of three nitrogen sources (urea, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate) and three splitting of N (one split at sowing, two equal splits given at sowing and tillering stages and three equal splits given at sowing, tillering and jointing stages. A split plot design was followed with three replicates. The three nitrogen sources were allotted to the main plots, whereas the three nitrogen splitting treatments were distributed at random in the sub plots.  The results indicate that plant height, number of productive tillers/plant, flag leaf area, number of grains/spike, number of spikes/m2, grain yield, straw yield and grain protein % were not significantly affected by nitrogen sources. No significant difference between urea and ammonium nitrate on spike length, grain weight/spike, 1000-grain weight and grain carbohydrate % were noted. Ammonium nitrate improved N recovery efficiency, contributing to improve N use efficiency. The results show that nitrogen splitting affected most characters under this study. The split of nitrogen into three equal doses was favorable than the other two treatments. However, no significant differences among nitrogen splitting treatments on number of productive tillers/plant, flag leaf area and 1000-grain weight. Nitrogen splitting improved N recovery efficiency and N use efficiency over comparable all nitrogen fertilizer sources. Nitrogen recovery efficiency and N use efficiency were greatest when N applications were split into three equal doses. The interaction effects between nitrogen sources and their splitting were significant on flag leaf area, spike length, number of grains/spike, grain weigh/spike, grain yield and grain carbohydrate %. The grain yield, its components and N use efficiency were superior by the increase of nitrogen splitting under ammonium nitrate than the other nitrogen sources. It is apparent from this study that for maximum grain yield production of wheat and N use efficiency in dryland areas, such as in El-Sharkia Governorate, the N requirement should be applied in three split doses at sowing, tillering and jointing stages as ammonium nitrate.             }, keywords = {N use efficiency,Wheat,split,N source}, url = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42426.html}, eprint = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42426_8708194f0b2da5f42849f13f82cfbdef.pdf} } @article { author = {Gad, Rady and EL-Naggar, Mahmoud and Roshdy, Tahany and ELawa, Mohamed}, title = {BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF TETRANYCHUS URTICAE KOCH ON CUCUMBER, CUCUMIS SATIVUS L. IN GREENHOUSE}, journal = {Journal of Productivity and Development}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {37-50}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity}, issn = {1110-2543}, eissn = {2682-3322}, doi = {10.21608/jpd.2011.42427}, abstract = {The present work was carried out to evaluate the toxicity of four pesticides i.e. Abamactin, Bifenazte, Spinossad and Beauvaria bassiana against Tetranychus urticae Koch and predator mite comparing with release the predator mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henroit on Cucmber plant, Cucumis sativus  that were assessed in greenhouse. Fabcomic, Acramite, Tracer and Biovar were much less toxic to adult females and immature of P. persimilis than to those of T. urticae. Chemical pesticides gave its maximum reduction after 3 days from treatment, 86.04, 72.61 and 76.52%, respectively for Fabcomic, Acramite and Tracer, while Biovar was the least. On the other hand releasing of P. persimilis at level 1:10 gave the best results of bio-control T. urticae infesting cucumber plant where it gave 26.09% reduction after 3 days from released and the reduction percentage increased gradually until reached its maximum values after 14 days with 88.41%. These results were nearly similar to those gave by other pesticides. P. Persimilis significantly affected by feeding on treated prey where longevity and fecundity decreased. Conclusively, the predatory mite, P. persimilis introduced good results in controlling the two-spotted spider mite, T. urticae on cucumber plants in green houses. So, it can use as a biocontrol agent in controlling  this dangerous mite pest on other plants, but it would be appear that conjoint use of the tested pesticides with P. persimilis in IBM have be sequence separated by time intervals that would be sufficient to minimize the toxicity effects on the predator.     }, keywords = {Phytoseiulus persimilis,Tetranychus urticae,Pesticides,biological control}, url = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42427.html}, eprint = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42427_5ffbd2be242b8656460a7867a9e4ea49.pdf} } @article { author = {Salem, Abdelhamid and Awad, Hassan and Hasan, El sayed and Morsy, Amgad}, title = {USE OF CHEMICAL DESICCATION EFFECT AS SELECTION TECHNIQUE FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN WHEAT}, journal = {Journal of Productivity and Development}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {51-63}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity}, issn = {1110-2543}, eissn = {2682-3322}, doi = {10.21608/jpd.2011.42428}, abstract = {The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether treatments with chemical desiccants either NaClO3 or Mg (ClO3)2 over the canopy of six diverse wheat genotypes during each of vegetative, flowering and filling period stages could properly memic the effects of water defficiency at the same growth stages on wheat grain yield and its components. The wheat genotypes Sakha 69, Sahel 1, Gemmeiza 5, Giza 168, Bocro- 4 and Seri 82 showed highly significant differences for grain yield and its components under the different treatments of chemical desiccation and drought stress. The highest grain yield and its components was achieved by the imported wheat genotype Seri 82 followed by Bocro- 4, Sakha 69, and Sahel 1, while Gemmeiza 5 attained the lowest values in this respect. In addition, the studied wheat genotypes revealed varied response to chemical desiccants and drought stress conditions. Wheat genotypes Seri 82 and Sakha 69 could be classified as drought tolerant, while Gemmeiza 5 and Giza 168 are sensitive to drought. The reduction of grain yield caused by drought stress, spraying NaClO3 and Mg (ClO3)2 at vegetative stage were 48%, 50% and 41%, respectively. However, they were 51%, 42% and 47% at flowering stage as well as 55%, 41% and 45% at grain filling period stage in the some respect.              In general, there were positive and significant correlations between both grain yield and yield reduction under chemical desiccant treatments and drought stress at the three stages of growth, suggesting that chemical desiccation treatments either NaClO3 or Mg (ClO3)2 could be used as statisfactory methods for screening wheat germplasm for drought stress instead of drought regime treatments  }, keywords = {Chemical desiccation,selection technique,Drought tolerance,Wheat}, url = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42428.html}, eprint = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42428_263ff0b3e9a991561cc77af265399175.pdf} } @article { author = {Moushira, Moushira}, title = {DETERMINANTS OF THE BENEFICIARIES SATISFACTION WITH SUPPORTER SERVICES SUBMITTED THE CIVIL SOCIETIES OF EL-SHARKEYA GOVERNORATE.}, journal = {Journal of Productivity and Development}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {65-85}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity}, issn = {1110-2543}, eissn = {2682-3322}, doi = {10.21608/jpd.2011.42429}, abstract = {The study aimed at recognizing the characteristics of interviewees that benefit from support and services . Also recognizing the interviewees satisfaction degree with support and services submitted by civil societies . It also aimed at recognizing the interviewees opinions of individuals choice terms to whom the support and services are submitted. Moreover recognizing the submitted support and services forms . It as well as aimed at recognizing the correlative relation between studied independent variables and the interviewees satisfaction degree with the submitted support and services and recognizing relative contribution degree of relationship variables in explaining the total variance degree of the interviewees satisfaction level . Finally it aimed at recognizing problems face the interviewees when dealing with the civil association and their suggestion to solve these problems . Data were collected by questionnaire done by interviews . A random sample was chosen with 10 % of the benefited individuals from the submitted support and services by the civil Societies of El-Sharkeya governorate . The sample total became 273 interviewees to achieve the study aims a number of statistical methods were used as percentage, averages , Person correlation coefficient , Step-Wise and arithmetic mean. The results were as follow : About 68.5 % of the interviews fall into medium category of interviewees satisfaction level with the submitted support and services by the civil associations. The most important terms to choose the individuals to whom the support and services submitted is " to be without household head ", 76.9 %. Also there is positive correlation between the interviewees satisfactions level and the number of family member at the significance level 0.01 and the interviewees educational status at the significance level 0.05. There is also negative correlation between the interviewees satisfactions level and age and this at the significance level 0.05. There is one variable considered more contributed to explain the total variance degree of the interviewees satisfactions degree, that is number of the interviewees family members. Its contribution reached 25 % of the dependent variable value. Finally , the most important problems facing the interviewees when dealing with civil associations are : The large number of needy in the villages , a rate of 93.04 % , while the majority of , 99.6 % , agree with the importance of considering " the more needy families specially that not having household head ".  }, keywords = {determinants,Beneficiaries Satisfaction,Supporter Services Submitted,Civil Societies,El-Sharkeya Governorate}, url = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42429.html}, eprint = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42429_9f89ac2ff0c7fdc9ca148509008457a9.pdf} } @article { author = {Emara, Hamdy and Salem, Mohamed and S. Abbas, Heba}, title = {In vitro ANTAGONISTIC ACTIONS OF HUMIC SUBSTANCE ON THE GROWTH OF Sclerotium rolfsii AND THE BIOCONTROL Trichoderma spp.}, journal = {Journal of Productivity and Development}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {87-100}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity}, issn = {1110-2543}, eissn = {2682-3322}, doi = {10.21608/jpd.2011.42431}, abstract = {The effect of humic substance, isolated from a composting substrate, was evaluated on the mycelial growth of two strains of Sclerotium rolfsii and the antagonistic Trichoderma sp. two strains of S. rolfsii treated with humic substances, one strain isolated from tomato stems and the other isolated from the roots of sugar beet.  In general, any HS treatment significantly reduced the radial growth of the S. rolfsii mycelium in normal potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium enriched with humic acid compared to potato dextrose agar medium free from humic acid. However S. rolfsii which isolated from tomato stems showed resistance against the effect of humic acid after 4 and 9 days from inoculation due to the soil treatment many times with humic acid. Humic acid treatment was also able to alter the sclerotial production either by significantly reducing the number of viable germinating sclerotia or by almost increasing the number of sclerotia to double as a resistance mechanism towards the survival of S. rolfsii. Apparently, the extent of the inhibitory action was related to some chemical and functional properties of HS, such as the COOH group content and elemental composition. On the contrary the same HS treatment generally did not inhibit the growth of Trichoderma sp. This study showed no significant correlation between HS chemical properties and Trichoderma sp. However, it showed the inhibitory effect of Trichoderma sp. in presence of humic acid on two isolates of S. rolfsii with percentage of inhibitions 53.3 % and 94.4%.    }, keywords = {Humic acid,compost,Sclerotium rolfsii,Trichoderma sp,mycelial growth,Sclerotial formation,Phytopathogen,Fungal antagonist}, url = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42431.html}, eprint = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42431_3d3d140805199a06e2651a2ce7c78deb.pdf} } @article { author = {Emara, Hamdy and Nower, Ahmed and Salem, Khaled and El-Taher, Shams}, title = {ESTIMATING HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY FOR in vivo AND in vitro TRAITS USING DIALLEL CROSS IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.)}, journal = {Journal of Productivity and Development}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {101-120}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity}, issn = {1110-2543}, eissn = {2682-3322}, doi = {10.21608/jpd.2011.42432}, abstract = {Combining ability and heterosis studies were performed for in vivo and in vitro traits in a diallel cross involving five maize inbred lines. Mean squares of genotypes were found to be significant for all in vivo and in vitro studied traits except callus formation percentage. Mean squares of parents were found to be significant for all in vivo and in vitro studied traits except grain yield per plant, callus fresh weight II and callus formation percentage. Mean squares of the resultant ten hybrids combination were found to be significant for all in vivo and in vitro studied traits except callus formation percentage. Mean square estimates of parent vs. crosses were found to be highly significant for all studied traits except callus growth rate III. Both general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) variances were found to be highly significant for all in vivo and in vitro studied traits except callus formation percentage and callus growth rate II. The GCA/SCA ratios were found to be less than unity for all traits except callus growth rate III. The inbred line L173 was considered to be good general combiner for all studied traits (plant height, earheight, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, grain yield per plant, callus fresh weight I, callus fresh weight II, callus fresh weight III, callus formation percentage, callus growth rate I, callus growth rate II and callus growth rate III). The correlation coefficient was positive and highly significant between in vitro and in vivo characters except callus growth rate III. Information generated from this study can be useful for selecting parents and hybrids to maximize the grain yield and its components in maize.    }, keywords = {Maize (Zea mays L.),Diallel cross,Heterosis,Combining ability,in vivo and in vitro traits}, url = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42432.html}, eprint = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42432_aa973c541be9615c93ff150736fa2da5.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Shawaf, Abd el gwad and El-Zainy, Ashraf and El–Dosouky, Reham}, title = {CHEMICAL, MICROBIAL AND NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF OSTRICH EGGS COMPARED TO HEN'S EGG}, journal = {Journal of Productivity and Development}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {121-134}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity}, issn = {1110-2543}, eissn = {2682-3322}, doi = {10.21608/jpd.2011.42433}, abstract = {Ostrich eggs (5 eggs) were evaluated for their egg weight and egg components, chemical composition, nutritional value and microbiological evaluation compared to hen's egg (120 eggs).  Results indicated that, the ostrich egg had highest significantly (P> 0.01)  egg weight (g), and so had highest percent of shell, while hen's egg showed highest significantly (P> 0.01) percent of yolk and albumen. Data indicated that Ostrich eggs are a good source of protein (44.59%), total lipids (37%), ash (3.97%), and carbohydrate (14.44%). These values were significant (P > 0.01). Nutritional values were, total saturated fatty acids (66.554%), total un saturated fatty acids (33.445%), total fatty acids (94.257), total cholesterol(25.83mg/100/g on dry weight), High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (9.94 mg/100/g on dry weight), Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) (14.87 mg/100/g on dry weight), total essential amino acids (71.854%) by HPLC, vitamin E (1843.97mg/100mg), vitamin A (37004.14 IU/100 gm), zinc (Zn) 1.64 ppm, copper (Cu) 5.62 ppm, iron (Fe) 4.43 ppm, manganese (Mn) 1.79 ppm, magnesium (Mg) 0.61ppm, and  selenium (Se) 1.09 mg. Microbial evaluation data showed that total count in egg shell (3.5x101 cfu/g), total count in egg yolk and egg white are zero counts, Spore - forming bacteria was zero count for egg shell, egg white, egg yolk and mix of white and yolk, Coli form group count in egg shell (1.3x101 cfu/g), Coli form group count zero count in egg shell, egg white, egg yolk and mix of white and yolk, Salmonella ssp. and L. monocytogenes of Ostrich egg shell were detected and Salmonella ssp. and L. monocytogenes were not found in egg white, egg yolk, mix of white and yolk, Conclusively, Ostrich eggs had high chemical content than hen's egg in almost parameters. Also microbial examination and detection of some pathogenic were safety level. So, Ostrich eggs are able to use as functional foods.    }, keywords = {Ostrich eggs,nutritional,Chemical & microbial evaluate}, url = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42433.html}, eprint = {https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42433_adca3d170de2f98ede3540deabfbcaa9.pdf} }