ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EXTENSION ACTIVITY OF RESEARCHERS IN SOME AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH STATIONS
Extension activity is one of the important roles of researchers, as researchers are considered experts in their technical fields, thus, their extension activity is one aspects to benefit from their technical expertise. The study aimed : to determine the degree of participation of researchers in extension activities, and its relationship with the independent variables studied, and to Identify the problems facing researchers when they perform extension activities, and to identify mechanisms to enhance the extension activity of researchers. Data were collected by interviewing respondents using a pre-tested questionnaire the study sample was drown randomly 65 researchers in research stations at: Sids; Etay El-Baroud; Mallawy; Fayoum. During January and February 2012. Frequencies, percentages tables, arithmetic means, and pearsonian correlation coefficient were used for data presentation and analysis. The mains results showed that: Participation of more than a quarter of the respondents (around 29.2 %) was low in extension activities, while about a half of them (around 46.2%) fall of the medium category of extension activities Significant relationships, were found at 0.01 level, between the degree of participation of researchers in extension activities and: each of: Years of experience in the research work, participating in work team, and the attitude towards agricultural extension. also significant relationships, at (0.05) level were found between the degree of participation of researchers in extension activities and each of: Number published research papers, and motivationfor achievement. The most important problems facing researchers when their participation in extension activates were as the following: The problems related to the relationship between the research station and the extension system, in the first rank; the problems related to the extension system, in the second rank; and The problems related to the researchers, in the third rank. The most important mechanisms required to enhance the extension role of researchers were as the following: first: Establishment of the High Committee for Research and Extension, Consisting of the director of research Station as a head, and extension managers in the governorates which served by the research station as members, and some of the local farmers leaders as members; Second: Establishment of a communication unit in each research institute for the transport and delivery of agricultural research results to the agriculture extension system; third: Holding regular meetings between the researchers and leaders of extension work and farmers, and strengthen the Achievement motivation among researchers and Extension workers in establishing the relationship between research station and the agricultural extension system.
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42462_8c341b734e4c5c944ec7ae54858daced.pdf
2012-04-01
149
170
10.21608/jpd.2012.42462
Extension Activity
Researchers
Some Agricultural Research Stations
Adel
Ali
1
Agricultural Extension and Rural Development- Research Institute Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A STUDY OF SOME VARIABLES DETERMINE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN LIGHT OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL GOVERNORATES IN EGYPT
Unemployment is one of most serious social problems facing Egypt in general and the rural areas in particular. This study aimed to: Identify the difference in the rate of unemployment between 2 groups of rural governments, high level and low level of human development; to identify the effects of education, as intervening variable, on the rate of unemployment; to identify the best causal model explains unemployment which mediated by education index variable. The research depend on available secondary data in Egypt Human development report 2010. Some statistical tools were used as t-test, multiple linear regression, stepwise multiple linear regression and path analysis to determine the best causal model, as well as to determine direct, indirect and total effects on independent and intervening variables The findings revealed that unemployment affected directly by education, and affected indirectly by the percentage of agricultural labor and the population demographic dependency ratio. However, these variables effects on the education index directly and negatively.
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42463_77056a21f27af3eb372aa68b2ae9df78.pdf
2012-04-01
171
191
10.21608/jpd.2012.42463
Variables determine unemployment rate
human development
rural Governorates
Egypt
Ashraf
Solyman
1
Agricultural Extension and Rural Development- Research Institute Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS AND PLANT REGENERATION INDUCED FROM MATURE SEEDS, COTYLEDONS AND SHOOT TIPS OF CUCUMBER.
Commercial cucumber cultivars were explored for embryogenesis and plant regeneration induced in somatic tissues on plant growth regulators. An efficient in vitro regeneration protocol for Cucumis sativus L via somatic embryogenesis has been developed. Embryogenic callus cultures were established from mature seeds, cotyledons and shoot tips on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 87.64 µM sucrose, 0.8% agar, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-D and kinetin. Maximum callus induction (94%, 92%) was observed in cotyledons and mature seeds on MS medium supplemented with 1mg/L 2,4-D, respectively. Somatic embryos were observed on mature seed explants after 17 weeks on MS medium supplemented with 5mg/L2,4-D (33%) and 0.5mg/L α-naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA) (27%). while somatic embryos were observed on cotyledon explants after 18 weeks on MS medium supplemented with 2mg/L 2,4-D (10%) and 0.5mg/L NAA (25%). The highest percentage of somatic embryogenesis (40%) was obtained with 2 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L NAA (30%) on shoot tip explants after 13 weeks. Regeneration of adventitious buds from callus of cotyledon and mature seeds were achieved after 8 weeks on MS medium supplemented with 0.5mg/L and 1mg/L 6-benzyladenine(BA), respectively. In vitro-regenerated plantlets with well-developed roots were successfully hardened in a greenhouse and established in soil.
Generally, auxin was found critical for induction of callus and formation of somatic embryos, while the cytokinin was essential for callus differentiation and plant regeneration.
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42464_3f5322ea46df346d66263e07bf14665c.pdf
2012-04-01
193
209
10.21608/jpd.2012.42464
Cucumber
Cytokinin
somatic embryogenesis
cotyledon, callus, Cucumis sativus L., shoot tip
Yehia
Khidr
yehia.khidr@yahoo.com
1
Department of Plant Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City, Menofia University
LEAD_AUTHOR
El-Sayed
El-Absawy
2
Department of Bioinformatics, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City, Menofia University
AUTHOR
Amal
Mahmoud
3
Department of Plant Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City, Menofia University
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Hasan
4
Department of Bioinformatics, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City, Menofia University
AUTHOR
Alaa
Hemeida
5
Department of Bioinformatics, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City, Menofia University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF ADDING SOME FOLIAR FERTILIZERS TO MULBERRY LEAVES ON SOME BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND SILK PRODUCTION OF SILKWORM Bombyx mori L.
The effects of feeding silkworm larvae (Egypt hybrid, Giza ) on mulberry leaves supplemented with three foliar fertilizers compounds, Basfoliar combi ctip, Tecamin max and Stimoful at three concentrations (1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 % each) for one time (at the beginning of fourth instar) and two times (at the beginning of fourth and fifth instars) on some biological and technological characters were studied. Basfoliar combi ctip and Stimoful compounds at 2% kept the larvae healthy by decreasing mortality rate.In adation, a concentration of 3% of each Basfoliar combi ctip and Stimoful compounds shortened the larval duration when used one or two times. Basfoliar combi ctip and Stimoful compounds caused the highest cocooning percentage compared with control. Adult emergency increased when mulberry leaves were enriched with Basfoliar combi ctip and Tecamin max fertilizers at 2% and Stimoful fertilizer at 3% compared to control. Stimoful at 3% and Tecamin max at 2% compounds resulted the highest female fecundity when it applicated two times and one time, respectively. Fresh cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight showed significant increase when Stimoful compound used at 2% and 3%, Tecamin max at 2% and Basfoliar combi ctip at 3% respectively. Meanwhile Basfoliar combi ctip compound at 2 and 3% and Stimoful compound at 2% increased the silk content ratio compared the control. Tecamin max, Basfoliar combi ctip compounds at 2% each and Stimoful compound at 3% gave longer and heavier silk filament than the control.
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42465_3661cc5297cab22cfb1a097dca8656cd.pdf
2012-04-01
211
221
10.21608/jpd.2012.42465
Bombyx mori L
nutritional additives
Foliar fertilizers Biological characters
silk production
Abd el hamid
Zannoon
1
Seric. Research Department, Plant Protect Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmed
Darweish
2
Economy Entomic Department, Faculty Agriculture, Benha Univeristy, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Metwally
Khattab
3
Ghada, M. Morssy Seric. Research Department, Plant Protect Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Ghada
Morssy
4
Seric. Research Department, Plant Protect Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
STRUCTURE DISTRIBUTION AND DENSITY OF THE MUSCLE SPINDLES IN GASTROCNEMIUS MUSCLE OF Melopsittacus undulates
Five adult Melopsittacus undulates birds were used to study the morphology, density and distribution of the muscle spindles in gastrocnemius muscles in both right and left legs, employing serial transverse histologic sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The density of such muscle spindles was 100.95/gm. They were scattered within the whole muscle. Each spindle showed four to less intrafusal muscle fibers and blood capillaries and enclosed in outer capsule. A complex spindle was seen in paired arrangement in the belly of the muscle.
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42466_239fc232dca8be03c8571cf820cd8f40.pdf
2012-04-01
223
228
10.21608/jpd.2012.42466
Muscle spindles
gastrocnemius muscle
Melopsittacus undulates
Amal
El-Tarhonui
1
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Benghazi University, Libyia.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mariam
Ali El- Zian
2
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Benghazi University, Libyia.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
DETERMINATION OF SOME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE GASES SOFT DRINKS SEVEN UP
The aim of the present study was to study some physical and chemical properties of the gases soft drink known by four different made seven up (7 up) drink (Africa, Abo atni, Dubai and Alarabia companies), which were randomly collected from different supermarket in Sebha City, based on the statistical analysis [(ANOVA) analysis of variance].
These results obtained showed that the reflective index ranged from 1.344 to 1.354 Africa drink has the highest value, concentration percentage (calculated as soluble solid substances) ranged from 9.000 to 12.300% the highest percentage found in Dubai product, the percentage of humidity ranged from 78.670 to 91.000% and that the highest value was found in Alarabia product, pH value ranged from 3.030 to 3.450 the highest value was found in Dubai product,Total acidity percentage ranged from 0.260 to 0.370% the highest value was found in Aboatni product. The obtained result were within the allowed level of Libyan and Egyptian standards and the percentage of loosing gas volume ranged from 4.300 to 6.300% the highest percentage found in Africa product.
Conclusively, from these results could be concluded that the highest pH value was found in Dubai product, the highest total acidity percentage was found in Aboatni product and the highest percentage of loosing gas volume found in Africa product. The obtained result were within the allowed level of Libyan and Egyptian standards.
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42467_9ebfd2a36ef43cd18bdc71c921732dfa.pdf
2012-04-01
229
237
10.21608/jpd.2012.42467
Some physical & chemical properties
gases soft drinks
Seven Up
Khadija
Ehmeida
1
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sebha University, Libya.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohamed
Elhmmali
2
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sebha University, Libya.
AUTHOR
Seleema
Allafy
3
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sebha University, Libya.
AUTHOR
Aisha
AbdelHady
4
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sebha University, Libya.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
LEAF SURFACE FEATURES AS TAXONOMIC EVIDENCES TO IDENTIFY SOME SPECIES OF GENUS EUCALYPTUS IN EGYPT BY USING SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
Morphological characters and ultrastructural leaf variations of nine species belong to genus Eucalyptus were studied. These species are; Eucalyptus camaledulensis, E. cinerea, E. citriodora , E. ficifolia , E. globules, E. gomphocephala, E. kruseana, E. resinfera and E. rostrata .
The macro-morphological characters revealed that, there are different leaf shapes; each characterized more than one species. The micro-morphological results of upper epidermis clarified that there are five sharply distinct leaf sculpture patterns; Pusticulate, Ruminate, Glebulate, Colliculate and Favulariate. While that of the lower epidermis had six leaf sculpture patterns; Ruminate, Verrucate, Verculate, Rugose, Favulariate and Clliculate, except one species, where the leaf has sculpture pattern overlaphing between Ruminate and Favularlate.
The artificial key has been designed to identify the studied species. However, this study can be serve as a limited taxonomic knowledge about the studied and may be useful in other future studies.
Conclusively, from the pervious results of such research it could be conclude that the more close species to each other were; E. ficifolia and E.globules; E.resinfera and E.rostrata. Contrary, the most far species from each other were E.cinerea and E.krusean.
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42468_14f72cf6057070b660e89a98fc7aa18b.pdf
2012-04-01
239
255
10.21608/jpd.2012.42468
Macro & micro morphological characters
SEM
Eucalyptus
Hanan
Abd–El Maksoud
1
Flora and Phyto-taxonomy Department, Research Hort., Research Institute, A .R.C., Giza, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Abd El-Kader
2
Forestry Department, Research Hort., Research Institute, A .R.C., Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ermeen
Shanan
3
Ornamental Department Hort., Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR