Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity
Journal of Productivity and Development
1110-2543
2682-3322
18
2
2013
04
01
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES: LEVELS OF METAL CONTENTS IN DRINKING WATER AND IN TEA LEAVES COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE IN EGYPT AND THEIR INFUSIONS
115
128
EN
Akmal
Gaballa
Faculty of Specific Education, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
Nahed
Shehata
Faculty of Specific Education, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
Ahdab
El-Maadawy
Faculty of Specific Education, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
Adel
Hamouda
Hydro-chemistry Department, Desert Research Center, Egypt
10.21608/jpd.2013.42555
Na, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Cd, Pb, Ba, Al, B, Cr, Mo, Ni, Sr, V, As, Hg, Se and Sb contents of the used drinking water and commercially available Egyptian tea leaves (Al-Arosa, Lipton, Dilma Black Teas and Dr Life green Tea) and their infusions were analyzed by Inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICPS), Flame photometer, and UV/Visible spectrophotometer. The used drinking water was characterized by its low content of metal ions and some metal ions (As, Hg, Se and Sb) were low to be detected. The metal contents of tea leaves were found to be higher than those of tea infusions. In both black tea leaves and their infusions levels of metals (Fe, Co, Cd, B, Cr, Mo, V and Pb) were too low assuring that the commercially available Egyptian tea possess no health risk from toxic elements. The concentrations of metals in the four tea brands were found in the following order; K > Mg > Mn > Zn> Ba > Al > Ni.<br /> <strong><em>Conclusively,</em></strong> from these results it could be concluded that drinking tap water and tea brands infusions under investigation are safe for public health and provide an acceptable quantity of mineral and trace elements per day.<br />
Drinking water,Black tea,green tea,Tea infusion,Heavy metals,Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrophotometer (ICPS)
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42555.html
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42555_77369fb2ab9b5135bd173fbf126c08a2.pdf
Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity
Journal of Productivity and Development
1110-2543
2682-3322
18
2
2013
04
01
EFFECT OF SOME PESTICIDES AGAINST Tetranychus cucurbitacearum (SAYED) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
129
136
EN
Mostafa
Mostafa
Agric. Zoology and Nematology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Al-Azhar Univ., Cairo, Egypt.
Waheed
Desuky
Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Egypt.
Hany
El-Kawas
Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Egypt.
Elmoetaz Bi Elallah
Saleh
Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Egypt.
10.21608/jpd.2013.42556
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42556.html
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42556_c39ef14d2bde6cc185e4ea3a772ae871.pdf
Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity
Journal of Productivity and Development
1110-2543
2682-3322
18
2
2013
04
01
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MANUFACTURING ECONOMICS IN THE APPAREL INDUSTRY
137
154
EN
Roshdy
Eid
Department of Clothing and Textile College of Home Economics Menoufia University, Egypt.
Taha
Altaweel
Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Faculty of Engineering, University of Menoufiya, Egypt.
Nashwa
Tawfik
Department of Clothing and Textile College of Home Economics Menoufia University, Egypt.
Eman
Abdo Agrama
Department of Clothing and Textile College of Home Economics Menoufia University, Egypt.
10.21608/jpd.2013.42557
<strong><em>The research aims to: </em></strong><br /> <em>1-Identify the most important mathematical equations related to the elements of the production cost for piece of clothes inside production lines and how to link these elements through an electronic program to get to the final cost of the product within the production line.</em><br /> <em>2- Speed and accuracy of calculating the proportion of profit and break-even point to see how much profit the property and the extent of the loss through calculating the cost of each component of the cost.</em><br /> <em>3- Field study was the work in the form of a questionnaire in order to:</em><br /> <em>A - Recognize the importance of the program to calculate the cost of production for the owners of garment factories and fabric.</em><br /> <em>B - To identify the best jobs for the program, as well as the efficiency of the program code.</em><br /> <strong><em>Through this study were reached :</em></strong><br /> <em>1- The best and functionality of the program is to get was the overall cost of the data model.</em><br /> <em>2- The best items for the benefit of the program to textile and garment factories are speed and accuracy in performance and keep pace with development using modern technology in the garment industry .</em><br /> <em>3- The best efficiency of the secret code to enter the program and the program works well and without errors.</em><br /> <strong> </strong>
Production Technology,Manufacturing Economics,Apparel industry
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42557.html
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42557_0533c41cea1ba1cb0dd788055dcb9b40.pdf
Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity
Journal of Productivity and Development
1110-2543
2682-3322
18
2
2013
04
01
RESPONSE OF SOME BARLEY CULTIVARS TO SOWING DATE AND SEEDING RATE UNDER SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN SANDY SOILS
155
173
EN
Abd El-Rahman
Omar
Agron. Department, Faculty Agriculture, Zagazig University, Egypt.
10.21608/jpd.2013.42562
<em>The present study was conducted in the Experimental Farm, El-Khattara region, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt during 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 seasons. The study aimed to investigate the response of three barley cultivars (Giza 123, Giza 132 and Giza 2000) to two sowing dates (Nov. 20<sup>th</sup> and Dec. 20<sup>th</sup> ) and three seeding rates (30, 45 and 60 kg/fad) under sprinkler irrigation in sandy soils.</em>
<em> <strong>The obtained results from this study clearly indicate that</strong> the one month delay in sowing to Dec. 20<sup>th</sup>, adversely affected barley plant growth and development as were expressed in plant height and tillering which were reduced. The development of late sown plants indicated a significant decrease in tiller productivity as was express in a significant decrease in the number of spikes/m<sup>2</sup> and as well as in spike development which was expressed in a significant decrease in spike length, number of grains/spike, 1000-grain weight and finally in grain weight/spike. All these adverse effects were finally reflected in the grain, straw and biological yields/fad. Barley cultivars varied significantly in tallness, tillering, spike development and finally grain yield which was always in favor of Giza 132 as it recorded the highest averages of number of spikes/m<sup>2</sup>, grain yield/fad and harvest index. While Giza 2000 surpassed the other two cultivars in plant height, grain weight/spike, 1000-grain weight and straw and biological yields/fad. Seeding rate gave a clear and consistent significant effect on all growth and yield attributes. Increasing seeding rate from 30 to 45 and 60 kg/fad caused a significant decrease in spike length, number of grains/spike, grain weight/spike and 1000-grain weight, but the grain yield was however increased due to the increase of the number of spikes/m<sup>2</sup>. The detected significant interactions showed varietal response to date of sowing but the main effects of either seeding rate or sowing date recommended early sowing in Nov. 20<sup>th</sup> and the use of the highest seeding rate (60 kg/fad) and as well use of Giza 132 in order to maximize the barley grain yield. <br /></em>
Barley cultivars,sowing date,seeding rate,sandy soils,yield and its attributes
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42562.html
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42562_319bc597745eb1808e726adc942fff43.pdf
Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity
Journal of Productivity and Development
1110-2543
2682-3322
18
2
2013
04
01
A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY FOR CHANGING IN SOCIAL STRATIFICATION OF BEDOUIN IN SHALATEN, ABO RAMAD AND HALAYIEB AREA, RED SEA GOVERNORATE
175
199
EN
Amal
M.Hussain
Bioinformatic Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Research Institute Minufiya University, Egypt.
mostaw100@yahoo.com
Maher
El Aiat
I. A. A.
Rural Community Research Dept., Economical and Social Division,- Desert Research Center, Egypt.
10.21608/jpd.2013.42565
<em>This study aimed to identify the basic features of Bedouins social stratification and essential differences for Bedouins and identify the factors and relative distinguish patterns for this community. The study was conducted in for (Shalaten- Abo Ramad- Halayieb) with random sample of male headed household representing 512 member with 10% of total family members, collecting data by pre tested questionnaire by personal interview with 3 styles: reputational , personal and topic style to estimate the main features of social stratification and also estimate the variance between values o social classes and data analysis using some statistical methods such as replicates, percentages, T scores, Z scores, ANOVA, simple correlation, </em><em>Step Wise Multiple Regression. The results were showed that, the reputational style was used to classify the categories according to their social leadership positions with 88.09, 5.27 and 6.64% representing low, medium and high social levels respectively</em><em>. Furthermore, using the personal style approach showed 6.06, 3.71 and 90.23% for the 3 levels respectively, while the topic style classified with 7.03, 8.20 and 84.77% for the 3 levels respectively. A significance variation among the 3 levels with L.S.D(2.941)- (0.05) and F value was 82.764 which showed a high significance. A significance correlation (0.01) between social classes degrees and all other variables such as age, membership in NGOs, annual income, cooperative relations, home status, local participatory, leadership level, </em><em>degree of social belongingness، innovativeness, ، ambition level</em><em>. A negative significance correlation (0.01) between social stratification and other variables such as education state, leadership position. The results clarified also a relation between social stratification and other variables such as family number, agricultural property. A 9 variables affected significantly for explaining the social stratification in descending order, the leadership level (66.40%), leadership in tribe(7.00%), </em><em>social belongingness, </em><em>2.80%</em><em>, the cooperative relations (2.10%), NGOs memberships(1.30%), </em><em>innovativeness </em><em>1.00%</em><em>, Age (0.90%), annual income (0.50%) and home status (0.30%). Finally all these independent variables were in significant with social stratification correlated by </em><em>0.907 with explanation by 82.30% of the total variance of </em><em>social stratification. </em><em>The F calculated value was 186.101 (0.1) which clarified that the model was significant.</em>
<strong> </strong>
Sociological study,social stratification,Shalaten,Abo Ramad,Halayieb areas,Red Sea Governorate
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42565.html
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42565_26c555aa90161cf1e8a87bc642ebea17.pdf
Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity
Journal of Productivity and Development
1110-2543
2682-3322
18
2
2013
04
01
ATTITUDES OF BEDOUIN YOUTH GRADUATES TOWARDS SELF-EMPLOYMENT
201
229
EN
maher
El Aiat
Rural Sociology Research Dept., Economical and Social Division, Desert research Center, Egypt.
mostaw100@yahoo.com
Maher
El Aiat
Rural sociology research Dept., Economical and Social Division, Desert research Center, Egypt.
Entesar
Hassan
Rural sociology research Dept., Economical and Social Division, Desert research Center, Egypt.
10.21608/jpd.2013.42569
<em>This study aimed to identify attitudes of Bedouin youth graduates form both sex towards the self-employment in the study area and know the relation between the respondents characteristics and their attitudes towards the culture of self-employment, for determining the significance differences among them and find out the most important problems which face the youth to adopt the culture of the self-employment and suggestions overcome them. The study depend on social survey method using analytical descriptive studies. The regular students in faculty of education and on verge graduation were taken in Matrouh as studied sample. A simple random sample was taken of 170 students representing 25% of the total student number (676) by using the pre tested questionnaire to collect data after test. A number of statistical analysis tools were utilized such as collecting data, simple tables, frequencies, percentages, averages, person correlation coefficient, step wise multiple regression and T test. The results were as following: about 19.41%, 50.59 and 30% of the total respondents have negative, neutral attitudes and positive respectively towards the self-employment respectively. Person factor showed a positive significant relation (0.01) between respondents and all other studied independent variables such as looking for future after graduation, number of family members, fathers work, income, possessing of agricultural land, attitudes towards savings, cultural openness, the individual and family improvement, family possessing of small enterprises, satisfaction of projects, the university role in the formation of youth, common social values. A non significant relation was found between respondents attitudes and independent variable (current academic year). The results also showed that, there were 8 independent variables with significance in variance to explain in descending 72.60% of the respondents attitudes, social values role, possessing of agricultural land, looking for future after graduation, fathers work, individual and family improvement, satisfaction of small enterprises, cultural openness. A significance differences were found for males as compared with females according to the self-employment.</em>
<strong> </strong>
<strong> </strong>
Attitudes Of Bedouin,Youth Graduates,Towards Self-Employment
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42569.html
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42569_804a7f2260567c120cece63e691c57a2.pdf
Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity
Journal of Productivity and Development
1110-2543
2682-3322
18
2
2013
04
01
FARMERS' PROBLEMS FOR THE PRODUCTION & MARKETING PEANUTS YIELD IN ISMAILIA GOVERNORATE
231
251
EN
Hesham
Nasr
Al Anssary
Agricultural Extension and Rural Development Research Institute & Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.
mostaw100@yahoo.com
Abu Mossallm
Abu Zeid
Agricultural Extension and Rural Development Research Institute & Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.
10.21608/jpd.2013.42574
<em>The research aimed to identify the most important problems which face the respondents, farmers for the production and marketing of peanuts yields in Ismailia Governorate, and to determine the nature of the relationship between the knowledge of the respondents, farmers For there the problems of production & marketing of the yield degree and all the studied independent variables, and to determine the percentage contribution of each variable of variables independent correlation of the moral interpretation of the degree of variation in the degree of knowledge of farmers in the study with the problems of production & marketing of the yield of the research study. </em>
<em>This research was carried out in Ismailia Governorate on a systematic random sample of (319) farmers for the peanuts crop, data were collected during the months of January and February 2013 by personal interview use of the questionnaire and a form prepared for this purpose, the statistical analysis of data was the use of simple correlation coefficient, and the model of regression analysis and the multiple correlation gradual upward ( <strong>Step - Wise</strong>), and the arithmetic mean in addition to the tabular presentation repetitive and percentages and averages calculations.</em>
<strong><em>The main results are as follows:</em></strong>
<em>The results have shown that the most important problems which face the subjected farmers of peanuts yields in Ismailia Governorate are : lack of knowledge of the treatment of the seeds with the bacterial vaccination especially in the new lands & grounds, the high cost of organic fertilizers necessary for the crop, lack of knowledge & skills of the subjected farmers concerning the use of Agricultural gypsum, lack of knowledge of treating the seeds with fungal Disinfectants prior to farming, the high cost irrigation, the high cost of maintenance of the irrigation stream, lack of water necessary for irrigation & its unavailability in the periodic times & the lack of the knowledge of the periods between each & the next irrigation, the disqualification of irrigation waters because of the high percentage of salt in it, the unavailability of chemical fertilizers necessary for the crop , the high cost & prices of chemical fertilizers & the lack of the knowledge about the environmental harms due to the misuse of chemical fertilizers , the scarcity of the use of potassium fertilizers because of its high cost, while there are marketing problems that face the subjected farmers in the field of selection grading & packaging; the most important of which are not carrying the selections & grading, the increase of infected & whole of the heads above the normal average (due to the decrease of the price) & lack of clarity in the difference between packaging for the local markets & the exporting ones , the high cost of packages.</em>
<strong> </strong>
<strong> </strong>
Farmers' problems,production & marketing peanuts yield,Ismailia Governorate
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42574.html
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42574_a9468d865c4d81cd9c96d7b2463cadfe.pdf
Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity
Journal of Productivity and Development
1110-2543
2682-3322
18
2
2013
04
01
KINDERGARTEN AND POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND THEIR RELATION TO THE BEHAVIOR SOCIAL FOR PRE - SCHOOL CHILDREN
253
274
EN
Salwa
Taha
Department of Home Management and Institutions, Faculty of Home Economics Menoufia University, Egypt.
Hibat alah
Shoaib
Department of Home Management and Institutions, Faculty of Home Economics Menoufia University, Egypt.
Hala
Abdal Rahman
Department of Home Management and institutions, Faculty of Home Economics Menoufia University, Egypt.
10.21608/jpd.2013.42578
<strong><em>The research aims </em></strong><em>to study and describe the current status of the activities of the kindergarten and potential of different kinds and levels of (government, civil, private) and detect differences in the level of prosocial behavior for children sample depending on the type of kindergarten and also study the relationship between prosocial behavior for children sample and some variables of socio-economic level of the family child.</em>
<strong><em> Has been prepared study tools</em></strong><em> represented in the form public statements of the child and his family, form public statements to kindergarten and a questionnaire prosocial behavior of kindergarten children Bmahorh (playing and tradition - social status and independence - competition and leadership- of friendship and cooperation and kindness), a questionnaire activities and the potential for kindergarten , and included research on a sample of children 4-6 years enrolled in kindergarten, and applied research institution for 21 kindergartens( government - private ), Sharkia province , has chosen <strong>sample squamous object-</strong> where the number of children 210 boys and girls were used descriptive analytical method.</em>
<strong><em> Among the most important results that search Osafaranha:</em></strong><em> The existence of a positive correlation statistically significant at the level of ( 0.05 ) between the activities of the kindergarten and prosocial behavior for pre - school children- The lack of correlation between the prosocial behavior of the child and some variables level socio-economic (age - education father - the number of family members - income), while there is a positive correlation statistically significant at the level of (0.01) between prosocial behavior and education of the mother. The lack of statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the children depending on the mother's work ( workers, non-workers ) in prosocial behavior. The presence of significant differences. Ahsaúahand level ( P < 0.001) between the mean preschool services governmental, non - governmental and private activities and capabilities for the benefit of kindergartens government services.</em>
<strong><em> One of the main recommendations:</em></strong><em> The need for cooperation between the kindergarten and the child 's family to follow his behavior inside and outside the kindergarten. The need to pay attention to what offers the child in kindergarten programs and activities fit in with nature and working on booted for the next stage of education. The need for attention kindergarten in terms of the split (classrooms, courtyard, chambers games, quality games that provide child safety and tranquility, furniture kindergarten), and attention to management in terms of the (managers, supervisors and teachers, workers kindergarten), so as to provide proper care, which responds to the child and accepts it with passion and love. The need to be kindergarten parameters crops university qualifications and graduates of colleges of education kindergarten department or graduates of colleges of education and equivalent quality. The need to pay attention to what offers the child in kindergarten programs and activities fit in with nature and working on booted for the next stage of the kindergarten.</em>
<strong> </strong>
Kindergarten & potential activities,relation to the behavior social,pre-school children
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42578.html
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42578_701d58e0b1786b67016ba77ba9892eb6.pdf
Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity
Journal of Productivity and Development
1110-2543
2682-3322
18
2
2013
04
01
A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF WATER RESOURCE IS USED IN AGRICULTURE GRAIN IRRIGATED ZONES, FEZZAN AND GREEN MOUNTAIN
275
294
EN
Abd El-Salam
Jumaa
Avhima
Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University - Omar Mukhtar – El Beda – Libya.
jifhima@yahoo.com
Ahmed
Mohamed
Saad
Agricultural Economics - Faculty of Agriculture - University of Sebha, Fezzan - Libya
hedad_1346@yaho.com
10.21608/jpd.2013.42598
<em>The study included a breakdown of the costs of production per hectare for wheat and barley, which is divided into variable costs and fixed costs. In a sample of the private sector farms average total cost of the total hectares cultivated of barley and wheat around (942.34 dinars ,1066.52 dinars) during the season 2007 / 2008. While the overall average total cost per hectare cultivated barley and wheat in the sample of production projects overall productivity (Brjoj, Aldboat, Airaon) towards (1792.89 JD, JD 2019.17) on the relay during the season 2007 / 2008. While the cost of production per hectare on average, wheat and barley farms in the sample of the private sector before taking the value of the water in the account about (496.99, 546.66) dinars per hectare respectively, as the cost of production per hectare on average, wheat and barley in a sample of production projects overall productivity Before taking the value of the water in mind about (1135.8, 1245.75) dinars for wheat and barley crops, respectively.</em>
<em>Efficiency of resource use groundwater for used in the cultivation of wheat and barley crops in the sample of agricultural production projects, and the overall productivity of a sample of the private sector farms where they put the price per cubic meter of water, where the study used measures of efficiency of expression on the economic evaluation of the element of water and which ones: the measure of net return of the unity of water per hectare as it hit the highest net return for wheat and barley crops in the sample of the private sector farms profitable amounted to about (0.42 JD / m 3 0.61 JD / m 3), respectively, while lower net return per unit of water. Was in a sample of agricultural production projects by (0.05 JD / m 3, 0.21 JD / m 3) for wheat and barley crops, respectively. The measure of productivity per cubic meter of water, where it became clear that the highest productivity per cubic meter of water in the sample private sectore farms (1.01 kg / m 3, 1.21 kg / m 3) of the barley and wheat, respectively. And less productive per cubic meter of water in the sample of agricultural production projects by (0.55 kg / m 3, 0.44 kg / m 3) for wheat and barley crops, respectively. The measure of the efficiency of the element of water has reached in the sample of private sector farms (1.27 JD 1.61 JD) for wheat and barley crops, respectively, while the agricultural production projects in the sample to around (0.78 JD, 1.12 JD) for wheat and barley crops, respectively </em>
<em> The study found a set of recommendations including: follow the water policy based on the principle of exploitation of aquifers security both in terms of economic or technical, through setting a price for water used in agriculture. In addition to focusing on vertical agricultural expansion wheat and barley crops to increase productivity instead of horizontal expansion through soil conservation and the adoption of appropriate agricultural courses and the rationalization of irrigation and proper use of fertilizers, pesticides and improved seeds. The study recommends that attention to measuring the productivity of the element of water used to grow wheat and barley, compared with a productivity of water used to grow other crops, the study area to determine the priorities imposed by the efficiency of water use as well as the economic output of these crops, the study also recommends encouraging cultivation of wheat and barley crops in the sample private farms because of their relative importance in the higher productivity of the element of water and higher net returns per unit of water, lower costs of production per hectare and low consumption of water per hectare compared with the overall productivity of the sample production projects that did not achieve productive efficiency and economic requirements.</em>
<strong> </strong>
<strong> </strong>
<strong> </strong>
economic efficiency,water resource,Agriculture grain,irrigated zones,fezzan & green mountain
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42598.html
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42598_c805d393223bba0d12b3531581bd9a63.pdf
Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient Productivity
Journal of Productivity and Development
1110-2543
2682-3322
18
2
2013
04
01
PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITIC INFECTION AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SIRT-LIBYA
295
310
EN
Hamed.
Kassem
Faculty of Science, Benghazi University, Benghazi , Libya.
mostaw100@yahoo.com
Sedigh
Nass
Faculty of Science, Tripoli University, Tripoli, , Libya.
Fatma
El-Sanousi
Faculty of Science, Sirt University, Sirt, Libya.
10.21608/jpd.2013.42604
<em>This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in primary school children in eight primary schools in Sirt city, Libya. One thousand, five hundred and forty eight feacal samples (905 males and 643 females) were examined using direct smear method and </em><em>formol-ether concentration technique to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites. Out of the number examined, 583 (37.7 %), comprising 353 (39%) males and 230 (35.8%) females were infected.</em><em> Seven intestinal protozoan parasites were found. No helminth intestinal parasites were detected. The most common protozoan parasite was B. hominis with the highest prevalence at 17.9 %, followed by E. histolytica / E. dispar (14.8%), G. lamblia (9.9%), I. belli (4.8 %), I. butschlii </em>(0.97%),<em> E. coli (2.9 %) and E. nana (2.2 %). Sex-wise prevalence showed 19.1% and 16.2 % in males and females respectively. Overall prevalence of E. histolytica / E.dispar was 9.2 % and 5.6 % in females, while sex-wise showed 15.7 % and 13.5 % in males and females respectively . G. lamblia was detected in 6.3 % of males and 3.6 % of females , sex-wise was 10.8 % for males and 8.7 % for females. Significant relationship was exist between overall prevalence and sexes for B. hominis, E. histolytica / E. dispar , and G. lamblia (P = 0.000). Age had no effect on the prevalence of intestinal parasite (P = 0.236). Single infection was detected in 69.81 % and 30.19 % mixed infection of positive cases. </em>
<em> There was a significant difference between single and mixed infection (P= 0.000).The parasitic infection appeared to vary with the educational status of children parents. Also, associated with family size of children. The children who have body weight (15 – 25 kg) showed high prevalence (17.6 %), followed by body weight (26 - 35 kg) (13.8 %). However, low prevalence (1.5 %) at body weight> 46 kg. The results revealed that the prevalence decrease with family salary income increase. </em>
prevalence,Intestinal parasites,Primary School Children,Sirt,Libya
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42604.html
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_42604_2678e7c8ac28f8c7f801ff5555427c6d.pdf