Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254326120210101EVOLUTION OF SELF-SUFFICIENCY RATIO FOR THE MOST IMPORTANT AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES IN THE STATE OF KUWAIT11814026710.21608/jpd.2021.140267ENAhmed Abu Al-RousDepartment of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Technology & Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt .Ahmed ObaidDepartment of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Technology & Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt .Journal Article20201103<em>This research deals with the evolution of the proportion of self - sufficiency for the most important agricultural commodities during the period 2001/2018 to reflect the extent of the production system in the provision of needs of the population of those goods during the period studied the efficiency of a red meat, poultry meat, milk, eggs, fish, Waller and statement of vegetables and fodder where he explained the research that production ratio Domestic red meat reached about 6% in 2001/2002, and it rose to about 17% in 2017/2018, which led to an increase in the self-sufficiency rate, with an annual average of 14%.</em>
<em>As for poultry meat, it was found that the production rate provided about 42% in 2001/2002, and decreased to about 31% in 2017/2018, with an annual average of about 33%.</em>
<em>As for milk, the percentage of production ranged from about 82% in 2001/2002 to about 81% in 2017/2018, with an annual average of 82% and a change of 1% during the research period.</em>
<em>As for eggs, the local production amounted to about 71% of the volume of consumption and the value of local production increased, as it achieved a surplus from 2014/2015 until it reached 100% sufficiency, and then achieved a surplus of about 128%. As for fish, it was found that local production covers about 59% in general. 2001/2002 decreased to about 8% in 2017/2018, with an annual average of about 18% for the size of the gap.</em>
<em>As for fresh vegetables, the volume of production reached about 42% in 2001/2002, declining to about 43% in 2017/2018. As for shrimp, the sufficiency rate decreased by about 66% in 2001/2002 to about 10% in 2017/2018. As for the gap Fodder, the satisfaction rate decreased by 72% to about 62% at the end of the period.</em>
<em>The study recommends continuing to expand crops to reduce the food gap of various commodities and work to bridge it by expanding crops.</em>
<strong><em>Research problem </em></strong><em>: </em><em>The research problem<strong> </strong>is represented in the increase in consumption rates of agricultural food commodities over the rate of increase in production, which led to a decline in the ratio of supply of local commodities to the amount consumed from them and dependence on the outside in providing deficits due to the increase in incomes and their level of increase and the continuous increase in the population And the limited agricultural resources of the State of Kuwait.</em>
<em>The study recommends the rationalization of consumption in terms of modern cultivation of food crops to increase self-sufficiency.</em>
<strong><em>Research objective: </em></strong><em>To measure the development of the sufficiency ratio of the most important agricultural commodities during the study period 2001-2018, its development and direction to take the necessary steps towards facing it, and measure the size of the gap until 2030.</em>
<strong><em>Way of research:</em></strong><em>The use of various statistical indicators to analyze and measure the direction of change in consumption and consumption and calculate sufficiency ratios.</em>
<strong><em>Data sources: </em></strong><em>From data of the Public Authority for Agriculture Affairs and Fish Resources in the State of Kuwait and published research in the same field.</em>
<strong><em>Conclusively, </em></strong><em>the researcher recommends that the self-sufficiency rate of the most important studied agricultural commodities decline and how to counter that.</em>
<strong> </strong>
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_140267_866ac11f8af761e16f0ad3fbbe67f541.pdfZagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254326120210101EVALUATING THE ECONOMIC RETURN OF THE WATER DESALINATION AND SANITATION PROJECT IN THE STATE OF KUWAIT193914027910.21608/jpd.2021.140279ENIbrahim IsmailDepartment of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Technology & Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt .Fekry El DesokiDepartment of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Technology & Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt .Ahmed AlAnziDepartment of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Technology & Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt .Journal Article20201106<em>The desalination and sanitation project for use in the productive agriculture and cosmetic agriculture sectors and the industrial and population sectors during the study period of the project estimated at about 25 years, bringing the total economic savings from groundwater [about 0.14 KD</em><em> </em><em>per</em><em> </em><em>thousand gallons] with a total economic saving of the amount of water used in agriculture About 16800 KD daily</em><em>.</em>
<em>As for the desalinated water, the economic saving is 2.263 KD per thousand gallons</em><em>, </em><em>and the</em><em> </em><em>general total of the demand for desalinated water according to agricultural use is about 12.8</em><em> </em><em>million</em><em> </em><em>gallons per day</em><em>.</em>
<em>The general total economic savings is about 28.966 KD</em><em> </em><em>per day</em><em>. </em><em>The project achieves economic savings from groundwater wells and desalination water about 45.766 KD per day and the savings per thousand gallons is about 0.345 KD per thousand gallons</em><em>. </em><em>Thus</em><em>, </em><em>the net gains from water desalination and its use in Kuwait amount to about 10350 thousand Kuwaiti dinars per day</em><em>.</em>
<em>The study recommends stressing the importance of the project for different sectors (agriculture, industry) and household uses (population). It is an efficient and practical economic alternative for the comprehensive development of agriculture in the State of Kuwait. Also, alternatives to underground water wealth can be preserved</em><em>.</em>
<strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>Introduction</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><em>: </em><em>The research deals with the desalination and sanitation project and measuring its economic, social and environmental impact on the Kuwaiti national income, as the project brings benefits to different sectors of population, agriculture, environment and cosmetic agriculture, which are multiple and varied productive, service and environmental sectors</em><em>.</em>
<strong><em>Research problem</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><em>: </em><em>The</em><em> </em><em>research problem</em><strong><em> </em></strong><em>is represented in the limited water resources in the State of Kuwait, which are required for the different uses of the agriculture, industry, cosmetic agriculture, population and environment sectors</em><em>. </em><em>Therefore, it is important to search for expanding the desalination water sources for use in these areas, which require high investments and many years, which requires studying the project and evaluating its financial, commercial, economic, social and environmental returns</em><em>.</em>
<strong><em>Research</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>objective</em></strong><strong><em> :</em></strong><em>The research aims to</em><em> </em><em>shed</em><em> </em><em>light on</em><em>:</em>
<em> </em><em>(1)</em><em> </em><em>The</em><em> </em><em>economic</em><em> </em><em>return of</em><em> </em><em>the direct and indirect project</em><em>.</em>
<em>(2) </em><em>Indirect returns to productive agriculture</em><em>. </em>
<strong><em>Way</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>of research</em></strong><strong><em>: </em></strong><em>The use of</em><em> </em><em>economic analysis method</em><em> </em><em>to describe the</em><em> </em><em>economic indicators to estimate the</em><em> </em><em>profitability of the</em><em> </em><em>different project returns</em><em>.</em>
<strong><em>Data</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>sources</em></strong><strong><em> : </em></strong><em>project data and its statistical records in the State of Kuwait, and data of the Statistics Department, the Public Authority for Agricultural Affairs, Fisheries</em><em>.</em>
<strong><em>Analysis and study of</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>the</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>water desalination and wastewater project</em></strong><strong><em>:</em></strong>
<em>It is one of the national projects in the State of Kuwait, and there are many</em><em> </em><em>sectors that</em><em> </em><em>benefit from it, such as agriculture, population, environment, industry and cosmetic agriculture. It also brings benefits in many areas of production, consumption and environmental improvement</em><em>.</em>
<em>The</em><em> </em><em>project</em><em> </em><em>deals with</em><em> </em><em>two sources of water that are desalinated, which are ground water (brackish) and desalinated water</em><em>.</em>
<em> </em><strong><em>Conclusively, </em></strong><em>t</em><em>he research recommends paying attention to large projects that achieve an increase in national income and adding it to different sectors, which raises the level of income.</em>
<strong> </strong><strong> </strong><strong> </strong>
<em> </em>
<em> </em>
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_140279_1570b0deefae41560aed6ee2c9e40ec2.pdfZagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254326120210101THE ROLE OF FOREIGN TRADE IN THE KUWAITI ECONOMY415914028810.21608/jpd.2021.140288ENFekry El DesoukiDepartment of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Technology & Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt .Ibrahi, IsmailDepartment of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Technology & Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt .Walid Al-MasoudDepartment of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Technology & Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt .Journal Article20201107<em>The research dealt with</em><em> </em><em>exports and imports and their role in the components of the national economy, as it was found that oil contributes about 93.3% of the state’s public revenues, which are used in spending on various development processes. It was found that public revenues contribute to increasing the domestic product at an annual statistically significant rate, and that the expenditures are realized. Of foreign trade, about 17.18% of</em><em> </em><em>it</em><em> </em><em>is spent</em><em> </em><em>on production requirements, 53.6% on the imports necessary to satisfy the needs of the population and for the various sectors during the study period, and that exports lead to an increase in the domestic product at a statistically significant annual rate, and as oil exports also contribute to an increase in the domestic product, it recommends Study by increasing the role of exports due to their importance in development</em><em>.</em>
<strong><em>Research problem: </em></strong><em>The research problem</em><em> </em><em>is that due to the dependence of foreign trade on oil, fluctuations occur in the domestic product, and it explains the imbalance in imports, as about 17% of them are commodity requirements for production, and about 54% are non-commodity imports, and spending on imports represents about 70.78% of the volume State spending, therefore, reducing dependence on abroad by developing the industrial and agricultural sectors reduces imports and saves the state's public spending on imports, and what was saved is directed to development and production processes</em><em>.</em>
<strong><em>Research</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>objective:</em></strong><em>to</em><strong><em> </em></strong><em>measure the effect of total foreign trade represented in oil and non-oil exports, as well as imports on GDP, the effect of exports, the impact of imports, the impact of oil and the impact of non-oil exports</em><em>.</em>
<strong><em>Research method: </em></strong><em>The</em><strong><em> </em></strong><em>study relied in this research on descriptive and quantitative economic analysis and analysis of research data, where simple linear regression models were used in studying the development of research variables, and arithmetic averages were used to describe the research changes</em><em>.</em>
<em>The conduct and implementation of the research required the use of secondary statistical data issued by the official authorities in the state</em><em>.</em>
<em> </em><strong><em>Conclusively</em></strong><em>, foreign trade contributes to generating income from the domestic product and</em><em> </em><em>achieving</em><em> </em><em>the targeted development rates in providing foreign labor</em>
<strong> </strong>
<em> </em>https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_140288_95099d5f89a59d75237ad605f55f83d6.pdfZagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254326120210101RESPONSE OF YIELD AND QUALITY OF SWEET POTATO PLANTS TO IRRIGATION INTERVALS AND SOME SOIL AND FOLIAR APPLICATION TREATMENTS619514170610.21608/jpd.2021.141706ENHamada El- MetwalyPotato and Vegetatively Propagated Vegetables Dept. Hort. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20201110<em>A field experiment was carried out during the two successive summer seasons of 2019 and 2020 in a Private Farm at Meet Faris Village, Dekarns, District Dakhlia Governorate, Egypt to study the effect of irrigation intervals (15 and 30 days) and some soil application treatments (humic acid at 20 kg /fad. and fulvic acid at 10 kg/fad.) and foliar application treatments (without, trehalose at 1 g/l, potassium silicate at 1ml/l and algae extract at 1g/l) on growth, plant water relationships, yield and its components as well as tuber roots quality of sweet potato plants cv. </em><em>Beauregard grown under clay soil conditions using follow irrigation system . </em>
<em>The obtained results showed that, the interaction treatment between irrigation sweet potato plants cv Beauregard grown in clay soil during summer seasons conditions every 15 or 30 days and treated plants with fulvic acid at 10 kg /fad. as soil application + spraying with potassium silicate at 1 ml/l increased main vine length , both fresh and dry weight of shoots/ plant, average tuber root weight , total yield/fad. and K contents in tuber roots. In addition, the interaction between irrigation every 15 and treating with fulvic acid at 10 kg /fad. as soil application+ foliar spray with potassium silicate at 1 ml/l increased number of branches/plant, marketable yield and total carbohydrates in tuber roots. Also the plants grown under the same irrigation intervals (every 15 days) and treating with fulvic acid at 10 kg /fad.+ spraying with trehalose at 1 g/l significantly increased total , free water in leaf tissues , however , the interaction between irrigation every 15 days intervals and treating with fulvic acid at 10 kg /fad. as soil application+ spraying with algae extract at 1 g/l increased N and P in shoots and tuber roots as well as tuber root diameter. On the other hand, the interaction between irrigation every 30 days and treated plants with FA at 10 kg /fad.+ spraying with potassium silicate at 1 ml/l increased K contents in shoots , tuber root length and dry matter contents in tuber roots. The interaction between irrigation every 30 days and treating with humic acid only at 20 kg /fad increased bound water (%) , osmotic pressure and proline amino acid in</em><em> leaves of sweet potato in both growing seasons </em>
<strong><em>Conclusively,</em></strong><em> it could be concluded that, irrigation sweet potato plants grown in clay soil during summer seasons every 15 or 30 days and treated plants with fulvic acid at 10 kg /fad. soil application + spraying with potassium silicate at 1 ml/l or with algae extract or trehalose at 1 g/l of each to obtain high productivity and best tuber root quality. </em>
<strong> </strong>https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_141706_3a57170fae2f20975aa3a71466dccabc.pdfZagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254326120210101MEASUREMENT OF SERUM BIOCHEMICAL LIVER PARAMETERS AND HCV RNA LEVELS FOR DETECTION THE SEVERITY OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS-ASSOCIATED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA9710614410810.21608/jpd.2021.144108ENMohamed EbeidBiochemistry and Molecular biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City University, Egypt.Ibrahim El SayedBiochemistry, Faculty of Science , Kafr El-Sheikh University, EgyptIsmail HegzyBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.Maha El MansyClinical and Chemical Pathology, Haematology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, EgyptSamah MamdouhBiochemistry and molecular biology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt.Fatma KhorshedBiochemistry and molecular biology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt.Maysa Abd RabouMedical Laboratories, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, October 6 University, Egypt.Journal Article20201114<em>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major complication associated with HCV virus infection, with significant mortality and morbidity rates. This study aimed to measure biochemical liver parameters and HCV RNA levels for detection the severity of hepatitis C virus- associated hepatocellular carcinoma.</em>
<em>The study was conducted on 100 patients, with ages ranging from 36 to 68 years and patients grouped into four groups. The 1 st group served as control group (n= 25),the second group <strong>(n=25)</strong>: Hepatitis C Virus, the third group <strong>(n=25)</strong>: HCV-associated HCC and the fourth group <strong>(n=25)</strong>: After HCC removal and tumor resection. Serum samples were collected from the studied patients. Liver function enzymes (ALT, AST, Alkaline phosphatase) and another function parameters (Albumin and Total bilirubin) were tested to all patients of the studied groups.</em>
<strong><em>The results showed that</em></strong><em> hepatitis C Virus, HCV-associated HCC, and after HCC removal groups had an increase in liver function enzymes, decrease in albumin levels, and an increase in total bilirubin levels which indicate damage in the liver. Viral loads indicated in males infected higher than in females and significantly increased in HCV patients, and a highly significant increase in HCV associated HCC patients.</em>
<strong><em>Conclusively</em></strong><em>, Hepatitis C Virus, HCV-associated HCC, and After HCC removal groups had an increase in liver function enzymes, decrease in albumin levels, and an increase in total bilirubin levels which indicate damage in the liver. Viral loads indicated in males infected higher than females are significantly increased in HCV patients, and a highly significant increase in HCV associated HCC patients.</em>
<strong> </strong>https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_144108_69dd70c1fe716a9fc007fb43a2e36105.pdfZagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254326120210101CHEMICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON MICRO ALGAE EXTRACTS AND ITS UTILIZATION IN SOME FOOD PRODUCTS. 1-CHEMICAL, BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF SPIRULINA ALGAE.10711714701910.21608/jpd.2021.147019ENHend FargFood & Dairy Sci. Dept., Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig Univ., EgyptAttia El-MakhzangyDepartment of Food and dairy Science and Technology, Faculty of Technology & Development, Zagazig University, Egypt.Abdel-Gawad El-ShawafFood & Dairy Sci. Dept., Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig Univ., Egypt.Journal Article20201110<em>The objective of the present study was to evaluate the chemical, biochemical properties and nutritional value of Spirulina algae powder. The dried spirulina contained (53.8%) protein, (5.92%) lipid; beside the total carbohydrates, ash, crude fiber was 15.13, 9.67 and 3.32%; respectively. </em>
<em>The dried spirulina had seven essential amino acids; histidine, lysine, methionine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, isoleucine and leucine. The dried spirulina contained a valuable amount of vitamins, B2, folic acid, B12, C and E. Bioactive compounds such as gallic acid (75.27µg/mg), chlorogenic acid (12.12 µg/mg), naringenin (1.18 µg/mg), methyl gallate (0.96 µg/mg) and caffic acid (0.45 µg/mg) were found in dried spirulina. Heavy metals content in spirulina powder; nickel, cadmium, mercury was determined and were not found. While copper and lead were detected at 9.5 and 3.58 p.p.m; respectively.</em>
<strong><em>Conclusively,</em></strong><em> the chemical, biochemical and nutritional analysis of dried spirulina showed a gross chemical composition (protein, lipids, carbohydrate, ash and fiber) and bioactive compounds (Gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, naringenin…. etc.). For these reasons may be use the spirulina to fortified some food products were suitable for human nutrition.</em>
<strong>Key words: </strong>https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_147019_49bd45e23065741cc331007d20fd19a1.pdfZagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254326120210101PERFORMANCE OF SWEET SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor L.) GERMPLASM RESOURCES FOR THEIR INDUSTRIAL TRAITS UNDER EGYPTIAN CONDITIONS11913714975210.21608/jpd.2021.149752ENYahia KhidrDepartment of Plant Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Egypt.Sileshi MekuriawDepartment of Plant Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Egypt.Enass AmerDepartment of Plant Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Egypt.Adel HegazyDepartment of Plant Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Egypt.Journal Article20201118<em>Sweet sorghum is an emerging versatile crop species that offers grain for human consumption, fodder for livestock and ethanol for transportation purposes. The knowledge on industrial characters including juice quality traits and sugar components is an indispensable task for improving the crop at commercial level and establish sustainable value chain. In the current study a set of 68 sweet sorghum genotypes comprising land race collections and improved cultivars were evaluated for their fresh biomass yield, stripped stalk yield, dry matter yield, juice yield and quality traits (Purity%, Glucose Recovery%, Reducing sugar%, Sucrose%, and Total soluble sugar). The genotypes showed significant level of variation at p < span style="text-decoration: underline;"><</span> 0.01 for all the eleven industrial traits regarding the five juice quality parameters measured. The juice purity of the genotypes ranged between 46.04% and 100%. The total soluble solids of the test genotypes had displayed a maximum value of 24.5 and a minimum of 10. The sucrose percent (pol) was found to range between 7.2% and 17.76% percent. <strong>This indicates the presence of promising possibility for the future improvement of the crop. </strong>The test genotypes were found to be clustered into five distinct clusters. <strong>Conclusively, the tested sweet sorghum genotypes displayed a broad range of variability in terms of all the measured industrial crops. The juice quality parameters in the test genotypes were found to be significantly higher as compared to different commercial improved cultivars. This indicates the presence of promising possibility for the future improvement of the crop.</strong> The test genotypes were found to be clustered into five distinct clusters. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the evaluated sweet sorghum genotypes had superior performance in terms of their juice yield and quality traits.</em>
<em>Hence, they could be exploited in the future improvement of the crop as an industrial crop. </em>
<strong> </strong>https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_149752_c0c753ff68e0cfa72e4caafc04b4a80a.pdfZagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254326120210101EFFECT OF DE-ASTRINGENCY METHOD AND MATURITY STAGES ON FRUIT QUALITY OF "COSTATA" PERSIMMON (Diospyros kaki L.) DURING SHELF LIFE13916015596910.21608/jpd.2021.155969ENMaha Abd El-AzizFruit Handling Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20201212
<em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;">Astringency removal is one of the most important factors that influence ripening; improve quality and shelf life of persimmon fruits. So, this study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of some chemical treatments like ethephon, ethanol, calcium carbide and saturated lime on removal astringency of fruits harvested at two dates and its influence on fruit quality parameters during shelf life at room temperature. Fruit harvested at two dates (50 and 75% color) were dipped in tap water for 5 days as control, saturated lime (Ca (OH)<sub>2 </sub>) for 5 days, ethephon at 500 or 750 ppm for 5 min, ethanol at 25 or 30 % for 5 min and fruits exposed to gases resulted from mixing calcium carbide (CaC<sub>2</sub>) at 10 or 20g + 40ml water in closed chamber for 24 h and then stored at room temperature 23±1 °C and 60 ± 5 % RH for 15 days. </span></em>
<strong><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;">The obtained results showed that</span></em></strong><em><span style="font-size: medium;"> ethephon at 750 ppm for 5 min and calcium carbide at 20g +40 water had superior effect in reducing fruit weight loss %, decay %, total tannins and maintains firmness with increasing soluble solid content (SSC %) and enhancing ripening process than other treatments in both harvesting stages used. Since, these treatments were more effective to remove fruit astringency through reducing tannin content. In general, ethephon at 750ppm and calcium carbide at 20g treatments were effective in maintaining firmness, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and soluble solids content in "Costata" persimmon fruits for 15 days of shelf life and removes the astringency.</span> </em><em><span style="font-size: medium;">Moreover, the second picking date (75%</span> </em><em><span style="font-size: medium;">color) was more suitable for maintaining the above mentioned quality characters. </span></em>
<strong><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;">Conclusively,</span></em></strong><em><span style="font-size: medium;"> it could be recommended to harvest Costata persimmon fruits at 75 % coloration and use one of the above mentioned treatments for removing the astringency with maintains the quality during shelf life.</span></em>
<strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></strong>
https://jpd.journals.ekb.eg/article_155969_69a5bb8099d0374b5a9e3eb2c626e7b7.pdfZagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254326120210101THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION SOURCES ON COGNITIVE COMPONENT OF RURAL PEOPLE IN SHARKIA GOVERNORATE16118818128110.21608/jpd.2021.181281ENHazem ElkhashabAgric. Exten. Econ. Dept. Rural Sociology Fac. Tec. Dev., Zagazig Univ., EgyptJournal Article20201206<em>The study aimed to identify the relative distribution of the impact of information sources </em><em>on the cognitive component of the rural people</em><em> in the study sample in terms of the degree of their exposure to different information sources, the degree of their benefit from their exposure to them, and the degree of their practice of knowledge, And testing the morale of the differences with regard to the role of information sources </em><em>on the cognitive component of the rural people</em><em> in terms of the degree of exposure of the respondents to different information sources, the degree of benefit of the respondents to the various information sources, and the degree of their practice of knowledge, And identifying the correlational relationship between the degree of benefit of the respondents from their exposure to information sources, and the degree of their practice of knowledge. The study was conducted using the social survey method on a sample of 100 individual rural people in the village of Bany Amer, and Zagazig in Sharkia Governorate, and the data were collected using a questionnaire form in the personal interview during July and August 2019, and the current study is considered one of the descriptive and analytical studies that describe the role of information sources on human development for farmers, and hypotheses related to this study are tested. Data were presented and analyzed using several statistical methods, namely: frequencies,</em><em> Percentages, Weighted Average, Whitney's Test, and Z-Test, </em><em>Stepwise</em><em>. </em>
<em>Among the most important findings of the study: Significant differences were found at the level of 0.001 between the average degree of exposure of the respondents to television, the Internet, radio, newspapers, bulletins and informative magazines, and significant differences were found at the level of 0.001 yin average, the degree of knowledge utilization, and the degree The practice in each of the following areas (economic, social, health, and religious), and it was found that there is a positive moral correlation between the degree of utilization of the media in the economic field and the degree to which this benefit is practiced, as well as the existence of a positive moral correlation between the degree of benefit from information sources. </em>
<strong><em>Conclusively</em></strong><em>, in the social field and the degree of tangibility to this benefit, a positive moral correlation was found between the degrees of utilization of information sources in the health field.</em>
<strong> </strong>