Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254322320170801SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR ESTIMATION HEAVY METALS ACCUMULATION IN WHEAT PLANTS AND GRAIN4094284190510.21608/jpd.2019.41905ENMai AmerAgricultural Engineering Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, EgyptAy TylerBiological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling , Stirling, Scotland, UKClare WilsonBiological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling , Stirling, Scotland, UKMario Vallejo-MarinAgricultural Engineering Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Egypt
b Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling , Stirling, Scotland, UKBi HunterBiological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling , Stirling, Scotland, UKTarek FoudaAgricultural Engineering Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, EgyptAdel El MetwalyAgricultural Engineering Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, EgyptJournal Article20170406<em>Plants would the start with step of a metal's pathway starting with the dirt on heterotrophic creatures for example, such that animals and humans, thus the substance from claiming metallic follow components for eatable parts of a plant representable accessible load of these metals that might enter those natural way of life through plants. Around metal elements, Cu and Zn would micro nutrients as they are essential in trace concentrations for physiological processes in plants. Furthermore consequently would a critical part from the soil–plant–food continuum. Therefore this study aimed to analyzing the performance of multivariate hyperspectral vegetation indices of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in estimating the accumulation of these elements in plant dry mutter and the final product of Egyptian wheat crop irrigated with high concentrations of Zn and Cu. We applied five concentrations for each element (0.05, 20, 40, 100, and 150 ppm of Zn) and (0.02, 8, 10, 12, and 15 ppm of Cu) to a controlled greenhouse experiment to examine the effect of these concentrations on plant spectral characteristics and study the possibility of using spectroradiometry measurements for identifying the grain content of these metals. The results demonstrated that</em><br /> <em>The hyperspectral vegetation indices had a potential for monitoring Zn concentration in the plant dry matter. NPCI and PSSR had a highest correlation with Cu phytoaccumulation into the grains with highest significant level (P-Value < 0.01) and (r) values (-0.39, -0.42).</em><br /> <strong><em>Conclusively, </em></strong><em>Results of present study demonstrate that hyperspectral reflectance data, as well as studied VIs appears to have potentials for monitoring the phytoaccumulation of Zn into above-ground parts of wheat. The hyperspectral vegetation indices had insignificant correlation with Zn accumulation in to the grains, but it had a significant negative relationship with Cu</em><em> concentration in grains with low correlation coefficient values. </em><br /> Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254322320170801UTILIZATION OF Moringa oleifera AS A NEW RABBITS FEED. 2- EFFECT OF DIETARY INCLUSION OF Moringa oleifera HAY ON REPRODUCTIVE AND PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF DOE RABBITS4294464190610.21608/jpd.2019.41906ENNoura GoudaDepartment of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Technology & Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.Hassan El-KelawyDepartment of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Technology & Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.Mohamed El-GafaaryDepartment of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Technology & Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.Hassan IbrahimDepartment of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Technology & Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.Journal Article20170415<em>A total number of 36 does of New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits with initial body weight 2658± 84 gm and 24 weeks of age were used in this investigation to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of different levels of moringa hay ( leaves+ twigs) as a partial substitute for alfalfa hay on their reproductive and productive performance. The animals were randomly allotted to three experimental groups (12 doe in each). The 1<sup>st</sup> group was served as a control and fed basal pelleted diet (Diet A) contained 18% alfalfa hay, represents about 14.3 % of the total crude protein of the diet. The 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> groups were fed the same basal diet, but 50 and 75% of alfalfa hay (B and C Diets, respectively) were replaced by moringa hay (leaves+ twigs) on the basis of its contents of protein </em><br /> <em>Conception rate </em><em>was significantly improved (P < 0.05) in doe rabbits fed Diet C</em><em> compared with those fed </em><em>Diet A (control ) or Diet B. Differences in </em><em>gestation length, </em><em>litter size at birth, 21 days and at weaning (28 days) and litter weight at 21</em><em>and </em><em>28</em><em>days</em><em> among experimental groups were not significant. Litter weight at birth and litter weight gain at all studied ages were insignificantly increased for rabbits </em><em>fed Diet </em><em>C</em><em> compared with those fed the basal diet ( Diet A). </em><em>B</em><em>unny weight at 21</em><em> and </em><em>28</em><em>days</em><em> was insignificantly higher in doe rabbits fed Diet B </em><em>than</em><em> those fed Diets A or</em><em> Diet C.</em><em> Pre- weaning mortality percentages at all studied ages were similar in all groups. During the 1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> parity, daily and weekly milk yield were insignificantly higher with rabbits fed Diet B or C than those fed the basal diet (control). The differences for daily and weekly milk yield during 1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> weeks were not significant; however, the differences during the 4<sup>th</sup> week of lactation were significant (P < 0.05). Milk conversion ratio was insignificantly improved with rabbits fed Diets B or C compared to the control during the 3<sup>rd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> week of lactation. </em><br /> <em>The differences in most doe and offspring traits among the three </em><em>parities </em><em>were not significant. However, </em><em>bunny weight at weaning (28 days) was significantly (P<0.05) increased in the three parities</em><em>.</em><em> Milk yield at most stages of lactation insignificantly increased in allparities, except at 1<sup>st</sup> weekof lactation at which the effect of parity on milk yield was highly significant (P < 0.01). Milk conversion ratio at all stages of lactation insignificantly decreased in allparities. However, the differences in milk conversion ratio were significant (P < 0.05) during the 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> week. </em><br /> <strong><em>Conclusively,</em></strong><em> the results of the present study demonstrated that </em><em>Moringa oleifera hay (leaves+ twigs) is </em><em>good unconventional source of protein for feeding doe rabbits and could </em><em>be added in the diet at levels up to 13.5% to replace about 75% of alfalfa hay without any adverse effects on reproductive and productive traits of New Zealand White doe rabbits.</em><br /> <strong> </strong><br /> <strong> </strong><br /> <strong> </strong>Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254322320170801EFFECT OF CHICKEN MANURE AND Spirulina platensis ALGAE BIOFERTILIZER AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF INORGANIC NITROGEN IN BARHI DATE PALMS4474674209510.21608/jpd.2019.42095ENMohaed HusienHort. Department, Fac. of Agric., Minia University, Minia, Egypt.Moemen WasfyHort. Department, Fac. of Agric., New Valley University, Qena, Egypt.Hossam Al- BoghdadyHort. Department, Fac. of Agric., Minia University, Minia, Egypt.Journal Article20170515<em>A field study was carried out during the years 2015 and 2016 on 25-year old Barhi date palm trees.</em><em> Barhi date palms were uniform in vigour and received N as 25 to 100% mineral (inorganic) N from ammonium nitrate (33.5% N), 25 to 100 % organic nitrogen from chickenmanure (2.5%N) and the biofertilizer Spirulina platensis algae at 5 to 20 ml/ palm/ year as an attempt for partial replacement of mineral N fertilizers in Barhi date palm orchards to promote yield and fruit quality and to protect our environment from pollution.</em><br /> <em>All growth characteristics, flowering and fruit setting aspects, weight and length of bunch, and yield/ palm were maximized due to supplying the palms with N as 50% inorganic N + 50 % organic manure + the biofertilizer Spirulina platensis algae at 10 ml/ palm/ year. </em><br /> <em>Leaf pigments and nutrients, as well as, both physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits were remarkably improved due to amending Barhi date palms with N as 25% inorganic N + 75% chicken manure + the biofertilizer Spirulina platensis algae at 20 ml / palm /year. </em><br /> <em>The best results with regard to yield of Barhi date palms grown under Upper Egypt conditions were obtained due to supplying the palms with N as 50% inorganic N + 50% chicken manure + the biofertilizer Spirulina platensis algae at 10 ml/ palm/ year . Subjecting the palms with N via 25% inorganic N + 75% chicken manure + the biofertilizer Spirulina platensis algae at 20 ml/ palm / year gave the best results with regard to fruit quality.</em><br /> <strong><em>Conclusively,</em></strong><em> it might be concluded that the application of </em><em>50% inorganic N + 50% chicken manure + the biofertilizer Spirulina platensis algae at 10 ml/ palm/ year of Barhi date palm </em><em>may help in improving fruit physico-chemical quality and yield at harvest time under Upper Egypt conditions. </em><br /> Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254322320170801RESPONSE OF FLAME SEEDLESS GRAPEVINES TO FOLIAR APPLICATION OF NANO FERTILIZERS4694854209710.21608/jpd.2019.42097ENAbd El- Hameed WasselHort . Dept., Fac. of Agric., Minia University, Egypt.Moumen El-WasfyHort. Dept., Qena Fac. of Agric., New Valley University, EgyptMoustafa MohamedHort . Dept., Fac. of Agric., Minia University, Egypt.Journal Article20170618<em>This study was conducted through 2015 and 2016 seasons on Flame Seedless grapevines grown in a private vineyard located at El- Tawfekya village – Samalout district, Minia Governorate to investigate the effects of Six Nano fertilizers (Amino-minerals; Orgland Active- Fe, Boron-10, Amino-Zn and Super –Fe each at 0.1 to 0.2 %) on vegetative growth, vine yield, berry coloration and fruit quality. </em><br /> <em>Treated vines with 0.1 or 0.2% concentration of nano- fertilizers were very effective in enhancing growth aspects, vine nutritional status and berry setting, yield, colouration and quality compared to the control treatment. The promotion was related to the application of Amino minerals, Orgland, active –Fe, Boron-10, Amino –Zn, and Super –Fe, in descending order. </em><br /> <strong><em>Conclusively,</em></strong><em> treating flame seedless grapevines three times with amino minerals nano fertilizer at 0.1% is the best treatment yield, improved berries colouration and gave high fruit quality. </em><br /> <br /> <br /> Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254322320170801LIFE HISTORY OF THE PREDATORY MITE, PHYTOSEIULUS MACROPILIS (BANKS) FED ON TWO TETRANYCHID MITE SPECIES (ACARI: PHYTOSEIIDAE: TETRANYCHIDAE)4874974209810.21608/jpd.2019.42098ENZeinab ElbasheirZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt.Amira El-SaidPlant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C. Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Omar OmarPlant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C. Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20170625<em>Developmental duration, consumption rate and reproduction of Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks) on two tetranychid mites, Tetranychus cucurbitacearum (Sayed) and Eotetranychus zacheri Zaher, Gomaa and El-Enany were studied under laboratory conditions of 25±2ºC and 55±5% R.H.. Females of P. macropilis fed and complete its development on the previous prey. Life cycle was completed in sub equal times, 7.15 and 7.40 days when it fed on both prey, respectively. </em><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <em>Life span of the predatory female lasted 23.96 and 22.84 days when fed on T. cucurbitacearum and E. zacheri, respectively. The female longevity elongated when fed on T. cucurbitacearum compared with E. zacheri whereas, lasted 16.81 and 15.44 days, respectively.</em><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <em> The predatory female consumed during its life span about 95.25 and 87.06 individuals of E. zacheri and T. cucurbitacearum, respectively.</em><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <strong><em>Conclusively,</em></strong><em> after rearing the predatory mite Phytosiulus macropilis on two tetranychid mites, Tetranychus cucurbitacearum and Eotetranychus zacheri the obtained results showed that the predatory mite P. macropilis able to reproduce rapidly and succeed in the control of both tetranychid mite species T. cucurbitacearum and E. zacheri and it can be used in biological control programs.</em><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <strong> <br /></strong><br /> Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254322320170801INDUCTION OF SPAWNING IN AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus ) BY USING HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN4995104209910.21608/jpd.2019.42099ENFatma MahsoubDepartment of Animal & Poultry Production, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig Egypt.Mohamed El GaafayDepartment of Animal & Poultry Production, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig Egypt.Aly RashwanDepartment of Animal & Poultry Production, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig Egypt.Adel AkrDepartment of Fish Hatching and Reproductive Physiology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research (CLAR), Abbassa Abo- Hammad, Sharkia, Egypt .Journal Article20170704<em>This work was designed to study the effect of Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) on induction of spawning of African catfish </em><em>(Clarias gariepinus ). In this experiment a total number of 90 catfish (745.8±9.2g body weight) were divided into three experimental groups (30 each) .The first group was considered as a control group and injected intramusculary with carp pituitary extract (0.3ml/kg/ b.w.).The second group was injected with HCG (1200 IU / kg body weight ). The third group was injected with both carp pituitary extract and HCG (0.15 ml/kg and 600 IU/kg body weight, respectively. </em><br /> <em>The results of the present experiment showed significant differences in survival rate , fertilization rate (%), hatching rate (%), latency period, egg weight (g), egg diameter (mm) and total protein (g/dl). However, insignificant differences were detected in initial weight (g), condition factor and specific growth rate, body weight before spawning, body weight after spawning, egg number/g, gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, cortisol (ug/dl) and estradiol17β(pg/m). Females treated with HCG had the highest values of fertilization rate, hatching rate, latency time and survival rate. </em><br /> <strong><em>Conclusively,</em></strong><em> the results of the present study indicated that at a level of 1200 IU from HCG was the most effective agent in inducing spawning of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) females. </em><br /> <strong> <br /></strong>Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254322320170801FARMERS SATISFACTION ON THE COMMON PATTERNS OF CROP SEQUENCE IN TWO VILLAGES IN FAYOUM GOVERNORATE5115404210110.21608/jpd.2019.42101ENHanaa HawaryFaculty of Agriculture- Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.Journal Article20170628<em>T</em><em>he study aimed to: to identify the patterns of crop succession among the farmers surveyed during three consecutive agricultural years to identify the most important crops they wish to grow in the future, the most important problems facing them in this area, and their proposals to solve, to know the contribution of agricultural extension in resolving them,</em><em> </em><em>The largest two </em><em>districts</em><em> in the governorate were selected in terms of the number of holders of agricultural land, namely, Etsa and Bandar Fayoum, the sample size reached 290 respondents</em><em>. </em><em>The most important results of the study were: The high percentage of respondents who indicated that the availability of inputs was intermediate (62.1%), or (20.3%). </em><br /> <em> </em><strong><em>The results showed that</em></strong><em> the most common crop succession patterns among the studied farmers in the village of Menia al-Hitt in the winter season of the three successive agricultural seasons were: wheat + Egyption clover, (46%), 24% for the first agricultural year, and for the second year, the most common crop succession patterns of the button (505% and 19.3%, respectively), while the most common crop sequestration patterns were among the surveyed farmers in the third year (Corn, qrain sorghum + napier grass), and (Corn, qrain sorghum + cotton), with 33.3% and 32.7% respectively. As for the village of Zawyet al-Karadasah in Fayoum, the most common crop rotation patterns among the surveyed farmers in the winter season of the three successive agricultural years were: (wheat + Egyption clover), (wheat + Egyption clover + vegetables), 41.4%, 36.4% For the first year, 21.4%, 52.1% for the second year, 26.4% and 37.9% for the third year. For the summer season, the most common crops were: (Corn, qrain sorghum + napier grass) (35.7%, 27.1% for the first year, 37.9%, and 30% for the third year respectively). For the second year, the most common crop succession patterns Common form of: (Corn, qrain sorghum + napier grass), and (corn + qrain sorghum) where he pointed out that 25% and 20.7% respectively. The results showed a low degree of satisfaction among the surveyed farmers in their general patterns of succession. The vast majority of them (96.6%) were satisfied with their prevailing crop succession patterns (51.4%) or low (45.2%). The results showed that the variables of the availability of agricultural production requirements, the size of agricultural tenure, the extent of the contribution of agricultural extension in solving problems, the extent of utilization of sources of information, the marketing capacity, and the variable of satisfaction with the work of agriculture contribute together 39.7%</em><em> . </em><em>The results showed that the most productive problems faced by farmers in this area were: fragmentation of agricultural holdings (84.1%), high prices of agricultural inputs (83.8%), while the most important marketing problems were: Price fluctuations in the prices of agricultural crops (84.5%) and increase in losses of crops during storage and marketing (80.3%). The most important financing problems were the increase in interest rates on loans (65.6% (61.4%).</em><br /> <em> Therefore, the most important proposals for these problems were: (84.2%), the state again intervenes in providing production requirements for farmers (82.8), controls the trade in production inputs to prevent fraud and monopoly (82.4%</em><em>(</em><em>,The results indicated that half of the respondents reported that there is a contribution to agricultural extension in solving the problems of farmers in this field. </em>Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254322320170801INFLUENCE OF PLANTING DATE, PRE-SOWING TREATMENTS AND APPLICATION METHODS OF VARIOUS POTASSIUM SOURCES ON GROWTH, YIELD, QUALITY AND STORABILITY OF GARLIC (Allium sativum L.)5415834210610.21608/jpd.2019.42106ENWafaa FekryPlant Production Department, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Egypt.Journal Article20170703<em>The present work was carried out in the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Technology and Development (Ghazala-Zagazig), Zagazig University, Sharkia Governorate during two successive winter seasons of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015, to assess the effect of two planting dates, 15<sup>th</sup> September and 1<sup>st</sup> October, pre-sowing treatments by soaking cloves, i.e. 250 ppm GA<sub>3</sub>, yeast extract (4g L<sup>-1</sup>) and water (control) as well as four different sources and applications of potassium fertilizer, i.e. foliar spray of liquid potassium (37.5% K<sub>2</sub>O), Potassium humate or thiosulphate at 3 mlL<sup>-1</sup> integrated with the half recommended dose of potassium (48 kg K<sub>2</sub>O/fed) for each as soil dressing and their interactions beside the control treatment(96kgK<sub>2</sub>O/fed)as soil dressing only without any foliar application on germination, growth, productivity and storability of garlic cv. Sids – 40. </em><br /> <em>The acquired results indicate generally that, early sowing date 15<sup>th</sup> Sep. had enhancing effects on germination percentage, number of days to emergence, vegetative growth characters, yield <br /> and its components, as well as, quality and storability of bulbs. Soaking cloves at 250 ppm of GA<sub>3</sub> for 12 hours as pre-sowing treatment increased the morphological traits, yield and its components, the chemical composition of plant and cloves as well as bulb storability. Foliar spray of potassium humate or thiosulphate at 3 mlL<sup>-1</sup> with 48kg K<sub>2</sub>O/fed as soil dressing showed superior performance of all studied parameters. The best interaction values of most plant growth characteristics, i.e. plant height, No. of leaves, fresh and dry weight/plant, diameter of neck and bulb as well as bulbing ratio and yield components, i.e. physical characters of bulb, i.e. fresh and dry weight of bulb, fresh weight of clove and No. of cloves/bulb as well as total yield, exportable and marketable yield/fed and plant chemical composition, i.e. N, P and K content, cloves quality, i.e. N, P, K and total carbohydrates content as well as decreasing weight loss of bulbs during storage period were obtained by soaking cloves at 250 ppm of GA<sub>3</sub> for 12 hrs,pre- sowing at the early date 15<sup>th</sup> Sep. and spraying plants with 3 mlL<sup>-1</sup> of potassium humate or thiosulphate with 48 kg K<sub>2</sub>O/fed as soil dressing. </em><br /> <strong><em>Conclusively,</em></strong><em> planting on 15<sup>th</sup> of September after soaking cloves for 12 hours at 250 ppm of GA<sub>3</sub>and fertilized plants with 48 kg K<sub>2</sub>O/fed as soil dressing combined with spraying 3mlL<sup>-1</sup> with potassium humate or thiosulphate considered as much cheaper, easier and saver technique compared with the traditional methods of application of potassium fertilizer ,could be recommended to produce the higher production and quality of garlic crop.</em><br /> Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254322320170801EFFECT OF SPRAYING SILICON AND SOME NUTRIENTS ON GROWTH, PALM NUTRITIONAL STATUS, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF ZAGHLOUL DATE PALMS. 1- EFFECT OF SPRAYING SILICON AND SOME NUTRIENTS ON GROWTH AND PALM NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF ZAGHLOUL DATE PALMS5856004210810.21608/jpd.2019.42108ENAhmed AklHort. Department , Faculty of Agriculture, Minia Univ., Egypt.Faissal AhmedHort. Department , Faculty of Agriculture, Minia Univ., Egypt.Hamdy IbrahimHort. Department , Faculty of Agriculture, Minia Univ., Egypt.Abbas SaadTropical Fruit Res. Dept., Hort. Res. Instit., ARC, Giza, EgyptMagdy SalamaTropical Fruit Res. Dept., Hort. Res. Instit., ARC, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20170705<em>During 2015 and 2016 seasons, Zaghloul date palms</em><em>at Dahmro village, Maghagha district, Minia Governorate treated with silicon and/or some nutrients namely N, P, K, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and B. The merit was examining the effect of these nutrients on growth and palm nutritional status. </em><br /> <em>Treating the palms three times with silicon and/or macro and micronutrients caused a remarkable stimulation on number of new leaves/palm, leaf length, pinnae area, number of pinnae/leaf, leaf area, number of spines per leaf and spine length and percentages of N, P, K and Mg in the leaves over the control treatment. Using macro and micronutrients was superior than the single application of silicon on enhancing all growth aspects and leaf chemical components. Combined application of silicon and nutrients surpassed the application of each alone in this respect.</em><br /> <strong><em>Conclusively,</em></strong><em> for enhancing growth and palm nutritional status of Zaghloul date palms, it is suggested to spray the palms with a mixture of silicon, N, P, K, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and B three times.</em><br /> <br /> Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254322320170801EFFECT OF SPRAYING SILICON AND SOME NUTRIENTS ON GROWTH, PALM NUTRITIONAL STATUS, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF ZAGHLOUL DATE PALMS. II. EFFECT OF SPRAYING SILICON AND SOME NUTRIENTS ON YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF ZAGHLOUL DATE PALMS6016154211010.21608/jpd.2019.42110ENAhmed AklHort. Department , Faculty of Agriculture, Minia Univ., Egypt.Faissal AhmedHort. Department , Faculty of Agriculture, Minia Univ., Egypt.Hamdy IbrahimHort. Department , Faculty of Agriculture, Minia Univ., Egypt.Abbas SaadTropical Fruit Res. Dept., Hort. Res. Instit., ARC, Giza, EgyptMagdy SalamaTropical Fruit Res. Dept., Hort. Res. Instit., ARC, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20170708<em>This study (2<sup>nd</sup> part) was undertaken during 2015 and 2016 seasons to examine the effect of spraying silicon, N, P, K, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and B on yield and fruit quality of Zaghloul date palms. </em><br /> <em>Subjecting the palms three times with silicon as well as some macro (N, P, K, Mg) and micro nutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and B) either alone or in combinations had an announced promotion on the yield, bunch weight as well as physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits relative to the control treatment. Using nutrients was preferable than using silicon in this respect. Using all nutrients with silicon gave the best results compared to using nutrients alone. </em><br /> <em> <strong>Conclusively,</strong> the best results with regard to yield and fruit quality of Zaghloul date palms were obtained by spraying a mixture of silicon and nutrients (N, P, K, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and B) three times.</em><br /> Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254322320170801UTILIZATION OF Moringa oleifera AS A NEW RABBITS FEED. 1- EFFECT OF DIETARY INCLUSION OF Moringa oleifera HAY ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE, CARCASS TRAITS AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF GROWING RABBITS6176344211310.21608/jpd.2019.42113ENMahmoud SaadDepartment of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Technology & Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.Hassan IbrahymDepartment of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Technology & Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.Hassan El KelawyDepartment of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Technology & Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.Mohamed El-GafaaryDepartment of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Technology & Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.Journal Article20170708A total number of 90 weanling New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits of both sexes, 5 weeks old with an average initial live body weight of 550.5 ± 20.23(g) was used in this study to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of different levels of moringa hay (which composed of leaves 50 % + twigs 50%) as a partial substitute for alfalfa hay on productive performance, carcass traits and economic efficiency. The animals were randomly allotted into three experimental groups (30 each). The first group (A) was fed the basal diet as control, while the second (B) and third groups (C) were fed diets containing Moringa oleifera hay as a replacement of 50% and 75% of alfalfa hay in the basal diet, respectively throughout the growing period (5-13 week of age).<br />The obtained results showed that live body weight at 9 and 13 weeks of age, weight gain, daily weight gain and relative growth rate during the different experimental periods increased significantly (P<0.01) for growing NZW rabbits fed Diet B and Diet C than those fed the control one Diet A . However, rabbits fed Diet C showed the highest values (P <0.05) of daily weight gain during the period from 9-13 weeks of age as compared with those fed Diet B or those fed basal diet (Diet A). Mortality percentages during the different experimental periods of study decreased significantly (P<0.01) for growing NZW rabbits fed Diet B and Diet C than those fed Diet A (control one). The differences in daily feed intake during the period from 5-13 weeks were insignificant among all the experimental groups. Growing NZW rabbits fed Diet B and Diet C recorded the best feed conversion ratio (P618 ABD ALLAH et al.<br />diet (Diet A) during all experimental periods. The economic efficiency and relative economic efficiency (R.E.E.) for rabbits fed Diet C or Diet B was superior than those fed Diet A (control group). Most of carcass traits for rabbits fed Diet B or C were increased (P<0.05) than those fed Diet A (control group). However, the differences in trunk %, hind limbs weight and percentages, fore limbs %, liver weight and percentages, kidney weight and percentages, edible weight and percentages and inedible weight and percentages were not significant. The differences in chemical composition of meat between the growing NZW rabbits either fed different level of Moringa oleifera hay (leaves +twigs) as a substitute for alfalfa hay in the diet or control animals were insignificant.<br />Conclusively, the results of the present study demonstrated that, Moringa oleifera hay (leaves+ twigs) is supportive as unconventional source of protein for feeding growing rabbits and could be added in the diet at levels up to 15% to replace about 75% of alfalfa hay without any adverse effects on productive traits of growing NZW rabbits.<br /> Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254322320170801AN ECONOMIC STUDY FOR SOME FARMING PRACTICES AFFECTING SUGAR BEET PRODUCTIVITY IN BEHIERA GOVERNORATE6576824211410.21608/jpd.2019.42114ENAhmed MohammedAgric. Econ. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt.Journal Article20170710This research aims mainly to assessment and evaluating the impact of some Farming practices on sugar beet in Behiera governorate. The data have been collected in the agricultural season 2016/2017, by personal interviews with the farmers using questionnaire. The sample was stratified random sample includes 115<br />682 AHMED MOHAMMED<br />farmer from villages in Hosh Eissa center in Behiera governorate. The methodology included the general time trend equations, the farm budget, the dummy variables model to analyze the data and to indicate the results. The most important results indicated that the big size farms were most economic efficient with high production and total and net return for feddan and ton, and best return for the invested pound, and least average total cost for ton comparing with the medium and small farms. The results indicated that there are no significant differences in sugar beet productivity according to planting method, seed quantity, seed species, irrigation time, number of fertilizer additions, and quantity of fertilizer. The results indicated that there significant positive impact for the method of leveling the soil for plantations, plantation date, number of irrigations, number of fertilizer additions and the quantity of fertilizer on sugar beet productivity. Sugar beet productivity reached 12.36 ton per feddan with normal soil leveling and late plantation and less than 8 irrigations, and once fertilizer addition, and fertilizer quantity less than 50 units, compared by soil leveling by laser, and planting in medium season, and irrigations number more than 10 irrigations and fertilizer addition to twice, and fertilizer quantity between 50-75 unites, give high productivity equals 22.31 ton per feddan.<br /> Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254322320170801BEHVIOUR OF PRIME SEEDLESS GRAPEVINES GROWN UNDER SANDY SOIL CONDITIONS TO FOLIAR APPLICATION OF CHITOSAN6836964211510.21608/jpd.2019.42115ENEsraa HusseinHort. Department,. Faculty of Agriculture, Aswan Univ., Egypt.Journal Article20170713This study was undertaken three times during 2015 and 2016 seasons to test the effect of spraying chitosan at 50 to 800 ppm three times on vegetative growth, vine nutritional status, berry setting %, yield, shot berries % and berries quality of prime seedless grapevines grown under sandy soil condition.<br />Carrying out three sprays of chitosan at 50 to 800 ppm had an obvious promotion on all vegetative growth aspects chlorophylls a & b, total carotenoids, N, P, K and Mg in the leaves, berry setting %, cluster weight, vine yield and berries quality relative to the control. A remarkable reduction on the percentage of shot berries was recorded with using chitosan treatments.<br />Conclusively, the best results with regard to yield and berries quality of Prime seedless grapevines grown under sandy soil condition were obtained due to treating the vines thrice with chitosan at 200 ppm.<br />683Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254322320170801YIELD AND QUALITY OF GLOBE ARTICHOKE (Cynara scolymus L.) AS AFFECTED BY BIO AND MINERAL NK FERTILIZER LEVELS6977134211710.21608/jpd.2019.42117ENNagwa MohamedPotato and Vegetatively Propagated Crops Dept., Hort. Res. Inst., A.R.C., Egypt.Usama Saif El-deenPotato and Vegetatively Propagated Crops Dept., Hort. Res. Inst., A.R.C., Egypt.Abd El-Monuem Abd El-HameidPotato and Vegetatively Propagated Crops Dept., Hort. Res. Inst., A.R.C., Egypt.Journal Article20170714field experiment was carried out at Baramoon Research Station, Mansoura, Dakahlya Governorate, during the two seasons of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015, to study the effect of bio and mineral NK fertilizer levels and their combinations on plant growth, productivity and quality of globe artichoke cv. Hyrious. Algae extracts (Bluegreen), and potassium dissolving bacteria i.e., Baccillus circulans (potssioumag) were used as biofertilizer sources for N and K, respectively beside mineral NK levels.<br />Results showed that the superiority values of plant survival, plant height and number of leaves were detected with decreasing the recomended NK mineral dose to 75% plus biofertilizers twice / season. The same combination treatment significantly produced the highest early and total yield, moreover, the mixture of full mineral dose (100%) and biofertilizers significantly proved superiority in total yield compared with the control. In addition, biofertilizers plus 75% or 100% mineral NK reflected improvements in all measured parameters of flower head, i.e., weight, length and diameter as well as receptacle, i.e., weight, length and thickness as compared to the mineral fertilizing alone. Whereas, the highest values in all of these parameters were recorded may be due to the combination between 75% NK mineral dose and biofertilizers twice a season. In addition, the highest quality expressed as the highest values of inulin, total carbohydrates and lowest value of fiber percentage was recorded by using 75% mineral NK and biofertilizers twice / season. Concerning NK receptacle content, the highest values were recorded as a result of fertilizing the plants by 75% mineral NK plus biofertilizers twice / season.<br />Conclusively, this study suggests that using biofertilizers twice / season could be useful for saving 25% of the recommended mineral<br />NK with improving in survival plants, vegetative growth parameters, early and total yield as well as its quality.<br /><br />Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254322320170801EVALUATE PLANT GROWTH, GREEN POD YIELD AND ITS QUALITY OF THE TWO PEA CULTIVARS ENTSAR 1 AND MASTER B WITH DIFFERENT PLANT DENSITIES7157284211810.21608/jpd.2019.42118ENWafaa FekryPlant Production Department, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Egypt.Rowaa El-ShatouryHorticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University,Journal Article20170724This work was carried out during the two winter seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 at the Experimental Farm(Ghazala-Zagazig), Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt to evaluate the new pea cultivars Entsar 1 under the three rates of plant densities, i.e. 40, 50 and 60 plant m-2 compared with the traditional variety Master B on plant growth, total green pod yield and its quality.<br />The obtained results showed that: The two pea cultivars had significant differences in most studied characters. Entsar 1 cv. had the best results of most vegetative growth characters, i.e. plant length, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight plant-1, as well as the total chlorophyll content of pea leaves. Moreover, it had the maximum total green pod yield per feddan with high pod quality (pod length, diameter, number of seeds as well as fresh weight of pod and its green seed) and 1000-seed fresh and dry weight. Meanwhile, the cv. Master B recorded the highest value of plant length only. From that, the cultivar Entsar 1 with plant density 40 plant m-2 had the best plant growth and higher characters quality of the green pods, whereas the density 60 plant m-2 for the highest total green pod yield may be suggested for the winter green pea.<br />Conclusively, it can be recommended to replace the old pea variety Master B with the new one Entsar 1 to sowing under clay soil condition at the plant density 40 plant m-2, where it gave 48.73 and 49.69% yield advantage, respectively during the two growing seasons of this study.<br /><br />Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254322320170801EFFECT OF SILICON, POTASSIUM AND CALCIUM COMPOUNDS ON GROWTH AND INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF CITRUS SEEDLINGS TO RESIST CITRUS LEAFMINER (Phyllocnistis citrella).7297494211910.21608/jpd.2019.42119ENMohamed Abo El-EnienPlant Protection Inst. Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Aml Abo El-KassimPlant Protection Inst. Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Amged El-AzazeCitrus Department, Hort. Res. Inst. Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Feasil El- SayedCitrus Department, Hort. Res. Inst. Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20170724Citrus leafminer is a serious pest of citrus, it cause an economic loses in nurseries and new plantings by decreasing growth rates. Therefore, a greenhouse experiment was carried out during 2014 and 2015 seasons in a private nursery at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, to study the effect of silicon, potassium and calcium applications on growth and improvement the efficiency of Valencia orange seedlings to resist citrus leafminer. Nine treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design as soil and foliar applications of potassium silicate, silicon oxide, calcium and potassium nitrate beside control.<br />The highest values of most growth measurements were recorded by potassium nitrate followed by potassium silicate as soil and foliar applications compared with the other treatments. All treatments enhanced leaf N, P, K and Si contents as compared to the control. Citrus leafminer infestation % and its severity were reduced with potassium silicate treatment which recorded the lowest values. The best anatomical structures of leaves were recorded with potassium silicate treatments compared to the control.<br />In addition to, the positive effect on increasing the seedlings growth and reducing the percentage of leaves infestation, which help nursery men to get high net income due to sale more seedlings with higher price and preserve environment by reducing amount of insecticide used in controlling citrus leafminer.<br /><br />Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254322320170801INFLUENCE OF USING DIETARY ANTIOXIDANT ON PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF MANDARA STRAINS UNDER SUMMER CONDITIONS7517804212010.21608/jpd.2019.42120ENWaheed EzzatPoultry Breeding Res. Dept., Anim. Prod. Res. Instit., Minis. of Agric., Giza, EgyptArafat HabibPoultry Breeding Res. Dept., Anim. Prod. Res. Instit., Minis. of Agric., Giza, EgyptMagdi OudaPoultry Breeding Res. Dept., Anim. Prod. Res. Instit., Minis. of Agric., Giza, EgyptAhmed BealishPoultry Breeding Res. Dept., Anim. Prod. Res. Instit., Minis. of Agric., Giza, EgyptJournal Article20170710The present study aimed to investigate the influence of the dietary antioxidant addition to the basal diet on productive and reproductive performance of Mandara strains under summer conditions. A total number of 147 laying hens and 21 cocks at 24 weeks of age was allocated to 7 treatment groups (21 hens + 3 cocks / each treatment) until 36 weeks of age. The birds within each treatment were fed as follows:T1: Basal diet only without supplementation (served as a control), T2: Basal diet and 100 mg Vitamin C /kg feed, T3: Basal diet + 100 mg Vitamin E /kg feed, T4: Basal diet + 100 mg Vitamin C + E /kg feed, T5: Basal diet + 200 ml rosemary oil /kg feed, T6: Basal diet + 200 ml oregano oil /kg feed and T7: Basal diet + 100 ml rosemary and oregano oils as medicinal plants /kg feed, respectively.<br />The obtained results showed that, the major percentage components of rosemary and oregano oils by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC—MS) analysis were 1.8-cineole (44.33), α-Pinene (16.38) and Carvacrol (65.41) and p-cymene (14.58), respectively. Under the high ambient temperatures dietary oregano oil, Vitamin C, rosemary oil and an equal mixture of Vitamin C + E added to the basal basal diet were significantly (P≤0.05) increased the percentage of egg production and egg mass of Mandara layers. However, rosemary oil and an equal mixture of Vitamin C + E added to the diet were significantly (P≤0.05) heavier of egg weight than non-supplemented groups during the whole experimental period. Combinations of rosemary and oregano oils, combination of Vitamin C and E, rosemary oil, oregano oil, Vitamin C, Vitamin E alone in the diet treated groups were significantly (P≤0.05) enhancement of fertile eggs (%), hatchability/total eggs (%), sperm motility and sperm-cell concentration (X 109/ml) and decreased yolk cholesterol, serum<br />752 EZZAT et al.<br />cholesterol and glucose concentration, dead spermatozoa (%), sperm abnormalities (%) and acrosomal damage than in those controls treated group. Vitamin C addition alone or their combination with Vitamin E were significantly (P≤0.05) decreased body temperature and respiration rate of Mandara layers under Egyptian hot summer conditions. Blood pH was significant (P<0.05) decreased for layers fed Vitamin C, Vitamin E alone or their combination treated groups than in those controls. On the other hand, during the days post immunization control group created the lowest antibody levels, whereas individual antioxidant dietary supplementation alone or their mixtures had higher Sheep red blood cells (SRBC's) antibody levels when contrasted with the control group. However, blood serum activities of aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), alanine-aminotransferase (ALT) and malondialdehde (MDA) concentrations were significantly (P≤ 0.01) decreased, while total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) was significantly (P≤ 0.01) increased in all treated groups as compared with the control treated group. In conclusion, Vitamins C, E, rosemary oil, oregano oil alone or their combination showed better reduced the negative effects of heat stress and beneficial effect on maintaining immunity and antioxidant status under summer conditions.Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254322320170801INSIGHT INTO THE EFFECT OF CHITOSAN ON GROWTH OF SUCCARY MANGO TREES7817934212110.21608/jpd.2019.42121ENHussein SaiedHort. Dept. Aswan Fac. of Agric. And Natural Resources Aswan Univ. EgyptHussien RadwanHort. Dept. New Valley Fac. of Agric. Assiut Univ., Egypt.Journal Article20170715This study was carried out during 2015 and 2016 seasons to examine the effect of spraying chitosan at 0.25 to 1.0% once, twice or thrice on growth, nutritional status of the trees, yield and fruit quality of Succary mango trees grown under Aswan climatic conditions.<br />Treating the trees once at growth start, twice at growth start and just after fruit setting or thrice at the same previous two dates and one month later with chitosan at 0.25 to 1.0% substantially improved all growth again aspects, chlorophylls a & b, total chlorophylls, total carotenoids, N, P, K, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, fruit retention %, yield and both physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits relative to the control. The promotion was related to the increase in concentrations and frequencies of application of chitosan. All the investigated parameters were unaffected with increasing concentrations from 0.5 to 1.0% and frequencies of applications from twice to thrice<br />Conclusively, the best results with regard to yield and fruit quality of Succary mango trees grown under Aswan climatic conditions were obtained due to treating the trees twice at growth start and again just after fruit setting with chitosan at 0.5%.<br /><br />Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254322320170801ECONOMICS OF USING AVAILABLE WATER RESOURCES FOR THE MOST IMPORTANT FIELD CROPS IN NEW VALLY GOVERNORATE UNDER ALTERNATIVE CROP STRUCTURES7958114212210.21608/jpd.2019.42122ENJournal Article20170716The current study aims at identifying water requirements for field crops and water-consuming crops under the current cropping pattern in New Valley Governorate.<br />The results revealed that costs of water used in the cultivation of rice were the highest reaching about 14.6% of the total costs of production per feddan whereas, the costs of water used in the cultivation of beans were the lowest reaching about 5.4% of the total costs of production per feddan in the studied season. Besides, as a result of no water cost paid by farmers, the costs of one unit of water were the lowest for the heavy water-consuming crops whereas, these costs were the highest for the low water-consuming crops even though there were small differences in the total costs of irrigation for these two groups of crops as compared to their water requirements. The results revealed that crop rotation consisting of wheat and maize ranked first in terms of gaining the highest net revenue of water including the irrigation costs of about LE 0.975 per unit of water m3 whereas, the net revenue excluding the irrigation costs for this crop rotation reached about LE 0.828 per unit of water. Nevertheless, the marginal value of water was higher than the costs of irrigation per one feddan cultivated by such crops ranging between about LE 3 thousand per feddan of maize and about LE 354 per feddan cultivated by sesame. On the other hand, the ratio of irrigation costs to the value of marginal product ranged between 94.5 % for Alfafa clover and 9% for peanuts.<br />The research was carried out with some recommendations, which would improve the efficiency of the use of the water resource.Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254322320170801IMPACT OF SUBSTITUTING SOYA BEAN MEAL BY MORINGA (Moringa oleifera) LEAVES MEAL IN THE DIET ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENTS DIGESTIBILITY, BLOOD CONSTITUENTS AND CARCASS TRAITS OF GROWING RABBITS.6356564212310.21608/jpd.2019.42123ENRasmadan Abo El-HadedDepartment of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Technology & Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.Mostafa Abd El-RahimDepartment of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Technology & Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.Dawlat El-KerdawyDepartment of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Technology & Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.Journal Article20170710