Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254320120150101EFFECT OF MINERAL NITROGEN LEVELS AND N2-FIXING BACTERIA ON GROWTH, YIELD AND STORABILITY OF GREEN ONION PLANTS DURING COLD STORAGE PERIODS1304266810.21608/jpd.2015.42668ENOmaima MohamedPost Harvest and Handling of Vegetable Crops Department, Hort. Research Institute, ARC, Egypt.Aly AhmedAlySoils, Water and Environment Research Institute, ARC, EgyptJournal Article20140909 <em> Two field experiments werecarried outduring winter seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 at the Agriculture Research Farm, El-Kassasien Hort. Research Station, Ismalia Governorate, Egypt, and Laboratory of Handling of Vegetable Crops Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt, to investigate the effect of partially substituting of mineral N fertilization with N<sub>2</sub>-fixing Azospirillum and Azotobacter spp. on growth, dry weight, root system and yield of </em><em>green onion (Allium cepa L.) </em><em>cv. Giza</em><em> 20 grown under sandy soil conditions using drip irrigation system. It aimed also to study the effect of the abovementioned treatments on green onion plants during cold storage at different periods; i.e., 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days. </em><em> </em><br /> <em> Fertilization green onion plants with 100% mineral N recorded the highest value of morphological characters, root system, yield and its components, weight loss%, total chlorophyll and leaf extension followed by fertilization with 75%. </em><br /> <em> Generally, inoculation green onion plants with Azospirillum plus Azotobacter gave the highest value of growth characters, yield and its components as well as quality parameters during cold storage periods. The interaction treatments between 100% mineral N or 75% and inoculation with Azospirillum plus Azotobacter gave the maximum values of growth parameters, yield and its components without significant differences between them. </em><br /> <em> As to the quality parameters of green onion during cold storage at</em><em> 0<sup> o</sup>C and 90-95 RH for 20 days, the results showed that weight loss%, leaf extension and curvature score increased as the storage period prolonged, while total chlorophyll and TSS% decreased by prolongation the cold storage periods. The interaction treatments among 100% mineral N or 75% and inoculation with Azospirillum plus Azotobacter and storage green onion plants for 15 days at</em><em> 0<sup> o</sup>C and 90-95 RH recorded the beast values of weight loss%, total chlorophyll, TSS% and leaf extension as well as curvature score. </em><br /> Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254320120150101Salvia Officinals L. HERB QUALITY AND SHELF LIFE AS AFFECTED BY PACKAGING TYPE AND KEEPING CONDITIONS ON SHELF31454276310.21608/jpd.2015.42763ENHossam El Den MehasenDepartment of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, HRI, Agriculture Research Center Cairo, Egypt.Mohamed MikawyPlant Prod. Dep., Faculty of Agriculture El-Arish, Swiss Canal University, Egypt.Hewydah SolimanDepartment of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, HRI, Agriculture Research Center Cairo, Egypt.Mohamed HasanFaculty of Agriculture El-Arish, Swiss Canal University, EgyptJournal Article20140910<em>A 4 x 2 factorial experiment was </em><em>consummated</em><em> during the two successive seasons of 2010 and 2011 at North Sinai Agric. Res. Station – Med. & Aroma. Dept., El-Arish City, North Sinai Governorate, Egypt to assess effect of </em><em>packaging type</em><em> (</em><em>un</em><em>packaging, paper bags, </em><em>foam dishes covered with cellophane </em><em>or</em><em>foam dishes covered with shrank film),</em><em> keeping conditions on shelf (uncooling "25 ̊C and 25 – 40 % RH" or cooling "in refrigerator at 5±1 ̊C and at 70-80% RH") and their interactions on quality and shelf life of Salvia officinals L. herb.</em>
<em>Packaging fresh sage herb in foam dishes covered with </em><em>cellophane</em><em> or shrank film reduced tissues respiration rate and weight loss, simultaneously kept herb quality since under these packaging treatments the herb contained the highest values of chlorophyll a & b and essential oil percentage comparing to unpackaged (control) or packaged herb in paper bags. </em>
<em>Keeping sage herb at low temperature (5±1 ̊C) and high RH (70-80%) reduced respiration rate and weight loss%, but recorded the highest values represented chlorophyll a & b and essential oil % as compare to putting herb on shelf at room temperature (25 ̊C and 25 – 40 % RH). Generally, these effects were reflected as doubling shelf life of kept herb under cooling conditions comparing to longevity of herb kept in the room temperature. </em>
<em>For interaction treatments between packaging types and keeping conditions, generally keeping the packaged sage herb in foam dishes covered with </em><em>cellophane</em><em> or shrank film in refrigerator at cool temperature and high RH resulted in the least respiration rate correlated with the highest contents of essential oil and chlorophyll in herb tissues. Also, the same two interaction treatments increased the most main components of the extracted essential oil and significantly increased shelf life duration of herb comparing to the most other interaction treatments.</em>
<strong><em>Conclusively,</em></strong><em> results of such research suggest possibility of packaging sage herb in foam dishes covered with </em><em>cellophane</em><em> or shrank film and kept it in refrigerator at 5±1 ̊C and at 70-80% RH for maintaining herb quality and for increasing shelf life duration. Chose</em><em> cellophane</em><em> or shrank film for dish covering may be related to the price, exportation and herb marketing.</em>
<strong> </strong>Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254320120150101EFFICIENCY OF SOME PESTICIDES ON COTTON WHITEFLY, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)(Homoptera:Aleyrodidae) INFESTING SOYBEAN PLANTS,Glycine hispida (Max).47604276610.21608/jpd.2015.42766ENShawky Abd-AllahPlant Protection Dept., Fac. Agric. Zagazig Univ., EgyptHeba Ismail2. Plant Protection Res. Inst., Agric Res. Cent., Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Mohamed HendawyPlant Protection Dept., Fac. Agric. Zagazig Univ., EgyptJournal Article20140915<em>The present work was carried out to study the efficiency of seven pesticides namely, Agreenate , Diazinone, Boma, Major, Chlorosan, Agrezole and Nasractine on the egg hatchability percentage of the cotton whitefly, B. tabaci (Genn.) under laboratory conditions on soybean plants, and evaluate the efficiency of single and double applications of the tested pesticides against the nymphal stage of whitefly, B. tabaci infesting soybean plants under filed conditions. </em>
<em>Data showed that, the tested pesticides caused high reduction of egg hatchability percentages compared with control . The minimum hatchability percentages of egg caused by Major (4.35%), while the maximum egg hatchability percentages caused by Nasractine (54.03%) compared with control (95.52%). With respect to the efficiency of the tested pesticides against nymphal stage of B.tabaci, The results revealed that Chlorosan proved to be the highest effective compound in single and double applications, on the other hand, Agrezole was the lowest effective one in both applications. The other tested pesticides occupied in intermediate positions between the highest and the lowest compounds. </em>
<em>In addition, all treatments showed significant increase in the average weight of 100 seeds of the treated plots as compared with control.</em>
<strong><em>Conclusively,</em></strong><em> it can be concluded that using the tested pesticides especially Chlorosan against whitefly, B. tabaci can reduce the crop losses in soybean plants under the Egyptian field conditions.</em>
<strong><em> </em></strong>Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254320120150101RESPONSE OF JERIOSALEM ARTICHOKE TO CUT OFF IRRIGATION BEFORE HARVEST WITH Ca, Mg and B61814277010.21608/jpd.2015.42770ENSamir El-ZohiriPotato and Vegetatively Propagated Vegetables Dept., Hort. Res., Inst., A.R.C., EgyptMohamed YoussefPotato and Vegetatively Propagated Vegetables Dept., Hort. Res., Inst., A.R.C., EgyptJournal Article20141010<strong><em> T</em></strong><em>his investigation was carried out to determine the effect of cut off irrigation i.e., 4 and 7 weeks before harvest and fertilization with calcium nitrate (CN) at 100 kg/fed., magnesium sulphate (MS) at 5 kg/fed. and boric acid (BA) at 1 kg /fed., as well as, their combinations on yield and its components (marketable and unmarketable yields), tuber quality (chemical constituents) and tubers storability of Jerusalem artichoke </em><em>(Helianthus tuberosus, L.), cv. Fusaeu. The experiment was conducted during summer seasons of 2014 and 2015 on clay loam soil at Kaha Vegetables Research Farm, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre. The obtained results showed that cut off irrigation for short period (4 weeks before harvest) significantly increased the average tuber weight, average yield/plant, marketable, unmarketable and total yield/fed. However, the cut of irrigation for long period (7 weeks before harvest) produced the highest dry matter percentage of tubers and the lowest values of unmarketable yield. Moreover, the application of each of CN, MS and BA enhanced the total yield and its components, whereas, the combination between the three nutrients produced the best results, compared to each of them alone. </em><br /> <em>The interaction between the long period of cut off irrigation (7 weeks before harvest) and applying CN + MS+ BA together resulted in the lowest weight loss and decay percentage of tubers during storage period and the highest inulin, total carbohydrates, Ca and Mg contents of the tubers.</em><br /> <strong><em>Conclusively,</em></strong><em> from these results it can be concluded that the cut off irrigation for a short period (4 weeks before harvest) exist beneficial effect in pre-harvest performance of Jerusalem artichoke plants, but cut of irrigation for a long period (7 weeks before harvest) was effective in post-harvest. The maximum average tuber weight, total, marketable, and unmarketable yields were obtained from the cut off irrigation for short period, while, the highest dry matter percentage of tubers and the lowest values of unmarketable yield were achieved by cutting of irrigation for a long period. Application of Ca + Mg + B together gave beneficial effect on the most tubers characteristics, marketable and total yields, as well as, reduces the percentages of weight loss and decay in tubers during storage period. </em><br /> Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254320120150101THE IMPACT OF HIGHER AGRICULTURAL WAGES AND INPUTS ON COST OF PRODUCTION FOR SOMEIMPORTANT AGRICULTURAL CROPS IN SHARKIA GOVERNORATE831194277310.21608/jpd.2015.42773ENElsayed ElsayedGadAgricultural Economics Research Institute-Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20141122<em>Agricultural labor and agricultural inputs are the basis of the agricultural production process Agricultural crop production, cannot be establish Thus agricultural cost items are divided into the costs spread over agricultural operations such as the preparation of the land for farming, agriculture, irrigation, fertilization, service, and resistance to pests and harvesting and the transfer of the crop or the costs are distributed to wages and other Inputs including labor wages and animal service to him and the price of the seed , pesticides , fertilizers municipal, chemical and other expenses, and represents the wages of agricultural workers, about 42% of the total crop production costs for intensive use of agricultural labor in the agricultural year 2014/2015 and to indicate the impact of rising wages and Inputs on a sample of the field study , the results of Secondary data was found no significant difference between the wages estimates and Inputs by using secondary data and sample data to both crops study.</em>
<em>Respectively, wheat, sugar beet, rice and maize study tested the difference between the Mediterranean show that there is significant difference between the wages of estimates and inputs of the costs of wheat and beet While sugar does not have a fabrication significant estimates. between wages and inputs of the costs of rice, corn.</em>
<strong><em>Results:-</em></strong>
<em>1-Rising cost of living has increased agricultural wages, even though it did not reflect worker productivity and Reflect percentage increase production.</em>
<em>2-increase all prices of goods and services led to the increase of employment and raise wages to not fit with the increase in prices of agricultural products.</em>
<em>3-The non-availability of health care to the farmers by the government hospitals and the lack of insurance on the farmers, leading to their inability to access hospitals and the most important problems that correspond to agricultural workers.</em>
<em>4-Low-level skill with the agricultural labor in dealing with modern technology, leading to increased agricultural losses.</em>
<em>5- Increase the contribution of the agricultural wages of the total overall costs to approximately 48%.</em>
<em>6-increase the proportion of the contribution of production requirements of the total overall costs to nearly about 34.1%.</em>
<em>7-Increase the proportion of the contribution of the agricultural wages of the total overall costs to approximately 25%.</em>
<em>8-The total revenue to cost ratio for both of wheat, sugar beet, rice, maize, about 1.48%, 1.38%, 1.29%, 1.38%, respectively.</em>
<strong><em>Recommendations:</em></strong>
<em>1-Increase agricultural communities in agriculture to overcome the fragmentation possessory allowing increased use of agricultural machinery and productivity savings for farmers to achieve a profit margin for the farmer appropriate</em>
<em>2-Attempt to restore confidence among business owners of farm and agricultural 2-workers in the performance of work and achieve outstanding productivity to achieve production efficiency under the prevailing wage for agricultural workers</em>
<em>3-State adopted do training courses for farmers on the use of agricultural mechanization to optimize the use of machinery and equipment and reducing losses in productive Jana and harvesting.</em>
<em>4-Availability of health care to the farmers by the government hospitals and provision of health insurance to the farmers, leading to increased productivity some internal providing security and satisfaction to have.</em>
<em>5-Try to put the guarantee prices of agricultural crops Rewards increase in costs in order to achieve a profit margin for the farmer appropriate.</em>
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