Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254319320140801INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF SOME WILD MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES ON ACTIVITY OF SOME PATHOGENIC FUNGI4134274264810.21608/jpd.2014.42648ENRabie YousefMedicinal and Aromatic Plants Res. Dept., Hort. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center Egypt.El Sayed Abou El-KhaiPotato and Vegetatively Propagated Vegetables Res. Dept., Hort. Res. Inst.Journal Article20140715<em>This study was carried out during 2013 – 2014 years to </em><em>determine</em><em> essential oils properties of some wild medicinal plant species [(Quysum</em><em>) Achillea fragrantissima, (Zoeitran</em><em>) Thymus decussates, (Samwah</em><em>) Cleome droserifolia and (Myrrh</em><em>) Tanacetum sinaicum)] and their antifungal inhibitory effects on four pathogenic fungi namely Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium oxysporum. The main components of </em><em>Thymus decussates and Achillea fragrantissima oils were Thymol, Terpine-4-ol and Linolool alcohol. But, </em><em>Cleome droserifolia oil </em><em>was contain (E)-3,7,11-trimethyl , Cartotol , β -Eudesmol and Z-Myroxide. As for </em><em>Tanacetum sinaicum oil, its main components were Thymol, Trans – Thujone and Trans-chrysanthenyl acetate</em><em>. The antifungal activities of these oils at concentrations of 0.1, 1.3, 1.6 and 2.0 mg/ ml were investigated using disc-diffusion method. Also, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the 4 essential oils were determined by subjecting the tested fungi to different tested essential oils at concentrations ranging between 0.2 to 2.3 mg/ ml (21 treatments for each plant). </em>
<em>The low concentration (0.1 mg/ ml) of all tested </em><em>essential oils did not show any inhibitory effects on the four examined fungi. At the same time, </em><em>Thymus decussates essential oil at 2.0 mg/ ml followed by </em><em>Achillea fragrantissima oil at 2.0 mg/ ml were the superior in their suppression on fungal activity of all tested fungi. </em>
<em>Cleome droserifolia essential oil had the </em><em>highest inhibition on growth of Aternaria alternate, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavns fungi when it used at concentration 2.0 mg/ ml. While, it inhibited Fusarium oxysporum growth when it used at 1.3 mg/ ml level. </em><em>For Tanacetum sinaicum essential oil, its inhibitory effect on all examined fungi was exhibited only when it used at moderate concentration of 1.3 mg/ ml. </em>
<em>Respecting fungi sensitivity to essential oils,</em><em> the minimum inhibitory concentrations test reveal that Aternaria alternata fungus followed by Aspergillus niger were the </em><em>sensitive fungi to various tested essential oils. But, Aspergillus flavns was the resistant one and Fusarium oxysporum had moderate degree in its resistance against the tested essential oils.</em>
<strong><em>In conclusion: </em></strong><em>results of such </em><em>research confirm possibility of using the extracted natural essential oils of some medicinal plants as substitutes to chemical fungicides for overcoming the pathogenic fungi hazard effects. </em>
<strong>Key words:</strong>Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254319320140801MARITAL ADJUSTMENT IN EGYPTIAN RURAL FAMILY FROM STANDPOINT OF WIVES38141142654ENAbd El Hamid ZannoonPlant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Egypt.Enas El- YamaniPlant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Egypt.Journal Article20140710<em>The marriage is considered to be the most important system of social systems, its the legitimating link between the sexes and the way to realize the safety and survival of the social conditions and Highness relations between males and females to the level of legitimacy and organize those relationships consistent with human values.</em>
<em>Marital adjustment, or the so-called newly Quality of Marriage is One of the most important topics that occupy the minds of researchers as the compatibility between married couples helps the family to do its functions well, which is reflected upon the children and on family happiness and therefore the building the whole society .</em>
<em>Researcher focused on studying marital adjustment in the Egyptian rural family from the standpoint of wives to get to know the level of marital adjustment you feel wives in addition to identify the factors that may affect it, and the study was carried out period (from June to mid-August 2014) in the village of Beheira Governorate, Egypt.</em>
<em>This study included all rural households residing permanently in the village that consist of the husband . wife , and include at least one child and a marriage period not less than five years and not more than ten because the study is concerned with the newly formed families that’s why a questionnaire had been designed specifically for this purpose it included some independent factors, which are expected to have an impact on the level of marital adjustment felt by rural wives in addition to the scale of marital adjustment prepared by the researcher after arbitration and measure their charity and persistence.</em>
<em>These data were collected by personal interview.</em>
<em>Objectives of the study consisted of: Identify the level of marital adjustment among rural wives. And the factors associated with .the study were based on the descriptive analytic approaches it included a set of independent variables, which reflect the factors that may affect the marital adjustment for rural wives sample a prenuptial variables (marriage preparation - engagement period - the problems during the period of engagement- The relationship between the family of the husband and wife's family - the wife feelings in the family of origin) and some demographic variables (age at marriage - the difference in age between the couple - duration of marriage - the number of children - having a boy) and also some of the other variables, such as all of the religious knowledge, and behavior religious and also the nature of marriage internal or external marriage, and finally the difference in educational level between the couple.</em>
<em>The most important result of the study is the following: </em>
<em>Marital adjustment for most women from the study is average and Factors that have proven the existence of a correlation between them and the moral marital adjustment for rural wives were all independent variables of the pre-marriage, all of which were direct correlation with the exception of the level of problems during the period of engagement the more the problems engagement period, the less the level of marital adjustment for rural wives.</em>
<em>This study, also proved the existence of a positive correlation among all demographic variables, but the relationship was significant inverse between the number of children and marital adjustment the more the number of children the less the level of marital adjustment for rural wives and there is a direct correlation significantly between religious behavior and compatibility marital, there is no significant difference between marital adjustment between two groups depending on educational level (first group: similar level of education between the couples- second group: a different level education between couples) but the second group the husband always has the higher education level of the education does not effect. While the current study proved that marital adjustment increases in the case of internal marriages comparing the outside marriage.</em>
<strong> </strong>Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254319320140801MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF TOMATO GERMPLASM FOR RESISTANCE TO TOMATO YELLOW LEAF CURL VIRUS IN EGYPT3733804265610.21608/jpd.2014.42656ENAbeer KassemHorticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.Medhat Abou-ZeidSoil, Water and Environment Research Institute,Giza, EgyptHeba ShehataSoil, Water and Environment Research Institute,Giza, EgyptJournal Article20140625<em>The present investigation was carried out to study molecular marker are known to confer resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in some local and hybrid Fourteen tomato accessions namely, Jubilee, Peto86,Super Strain B,</em><em>Advantag, Edkawi, super Bader, Tempo, Azteca, G.5, G.S, Nada, 9062, 9065, 9064. The plants were grown in under greenhouse conditions, open field and test for reactions to TYLCV. </em>
<em>The resistance to TYLCV disease in the tomato accession linked to Ty-2 gene. All the plants in the studs one band only 800 bp were susceptible to the disease; expat 9064 two bands 800bp and 900 bp were </em><em>resistant</em><em>.</em>
<strong><em>Conclusively, </em></strong><em>the use of methods of molecular markers to identify resistant varieties and sensitive to viruses. Moreover, the use of modern molecular methods to identify the local plant varieties with jam and before inclusion in breeding programs to save time and effort and money.</em>
<strong> </strong>Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254319320140801EFFECT OF FOLIAR SPRAY TREATMENTS WITH SOME NATURAL EXTRACTS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND FRUIT QUALITY OF STRAWBERRY UNDER SANDY SOIL CONDITIONS2372524265810.21608/jpd.2014.42658ENNouri AlaminKushlafPlant Production Dept., Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Zawia University, Zawia , Libya.Pritam KaliaDivision of Vegetable Science, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012Journal Article20140506<em>This experiment was carried out during the two seasons of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 at a Private Vegetable Farm in El-Kassasein distract, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, to investigate the effect of foliar spray with some natural material extracts (cinnamon, chili pepper, henna and turmeric at 1 or 2g/ liter of each) beside control treatment (foliar spray with water only) on some physiological, chemical measurements, yield and its components and fruit quality of strawberry plants cv. Festival grown in sandy soil and using drip irrigation system. </em>
<strong><em>The obtained results can be summarized as follows</em></strong><em>: </em><em>Spraying plants with henna or turmeric extracts 2 g/l of each had significant effect on plant height, number of leaves/ plant, shoot dry weight, total chlorophyll in leaves, N, P and K contents and their uptake by shoots, early and total yield/fed., average fruit weight as compared to the other foliar treatments or control in both seasons. Moreover, spraying strawberry plants with turmeric extract at 2 g/l recorded the highest values of all abovementioned traits, total sugars and anthocyanin content in fruit in both seasons. In addition, spraying plant with henna extracts at 2 g/ l recorded the highest fruit firmness in both seasons, nevertheless the maximum vitamin C was obtained with plants received 2 g/l chili pepper extract in both seasons. </em>
<strong><em>Conclusively</em></strong><em>, from the foregoing results of this study, it could be concluded that spraying strawberry plants with </em><em>henna or turmeric extracts 2 g/l of each four times beginning 60 days from transplanting and 15 days intervals were the best treatments for increased plant growth , total yield and fruit quality of strawberry under sandy soil conditions. </em>
Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254319320140801PROTECTION OF Bombyx mori L. LARVAE AGAINST CERTAIN DISEASES USING SOME CHEMICAL DISINFECTANTS2532624265910.21608/jpd.2014.42659ENNoury KushelafFaculty of Science, Botany Department, Zawia University , Zawia, LibyaEssam Abou El-SaleheinFaculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science,Plant Production Department, Zawia University , Zawia, LibyaHlam, A. RashedFaculty of Science, Botany Department, Zawia University , Zawia, LibyaJournal Article20140512<em>This study was conducted to evaluate the use of flom fort, potassium sulphonate and dettol compounds as disenfectants and their impacts on the biological characteristics and production of silk in silkworm Bombyx mori L artificially infected with bacteria that causes filahari disease. </em>
<em>Treatments achieved that potassium sulphonate (0.1% and 0.05%) resulted lower mortality rate, the highest percentage of adult emergency, fertility of the female and hatching percentage , and also increased the resulting cocoon weight , silk content ratio, the filament length per cocoon, weight and size of the reeled filament. flom fort (0.1 and 0.05%) increased adult emergence percentage, ,female fecundity, silk cocoon ratio and the length of reeled filament. while treatment of mulberry leaves with dettol (0.1%) increased the cocoon shell weight.</em>
<strong> </strong>Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254319320140801RESPONSE OF Ocimum basilicum PLANT TO SOME PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA2632864266010.21608/jpd.2014.42660ENWael Abdel-HakimDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.Yasser MostafaDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.Khalid NourSelf-Pollination Vegetable Res. Dept., Hort. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20140514<em>Two field experiments were conducted during the two successive growing seasons of 2011 and 2012 to evaluate the effect of ten inoculation treatments with mixtures of some plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR); i.e., </em><em>Paenibacillus polymyxa (P)</em><em>, Azospirillum brasilense (A) and some isolates of growth promoting rhizobacteria; i.e., Pseudomonas synxantha (P1) and Bacillus subtilis 2 (B2) on Ocimum basilicum plant growth and herb yield, and to assess to what extant inoculation treatments reduce the demand of basil plant to nitrogen chemical fertilization. Inoculated plants were received only 75% of the recommended N fertilizer dose (45 kg N/ fad), while control plants were received 100% of the recommended N fertilizer dose (60 kg N/ fad) without PGPR inoculation.</em>
<strong><em>Results indicated that</em></strong><em> inoculation basil plants with bacterial inoculants mixture containing (A+P1+B2) or (A+P1) under the effect of 75% N dose resulted in the tallest plants bearing the highest number of branches/ plant and increased herb fresh and dry weights/ plant and/ fad comparing to control plants and all other inoculation treatments. Also, plants treated with these two the abovementioned inoculation treatments resulted in essential oil %, essential oil yield/ plant and/ fad statistically exceed or equal to that produced from control plants.</em>
<em>Respecting essential oil components, 75% N+ (A+P1) treatment increased β-pinene and camphor percentages, while 75% N+ (A+ P1+B2) treatment increased linalool % comparing to their percentages in oil extracted from control plants. In addition, Methyl-chavicol %, which is described as a carcinogen and limits the application of basil oil in therapy, was decreased under the effect of these two treatments. </em>
<em>The caused improvement in plant growth, herb yield and essential oil yield and its properties in plants received 75% N and inoculated with inoculant mixture containing (A+P1) or (A+P1+B2) was associated with increases in percentages of total carbohydrates, N, P and K in their tissues. Also, </em><em>inoculation with all PGPR under this study significantly reduced </em><em>dehydrogenase enzyme activity, but </em><em>significantly</em><em> increased </em><em>nitrogenase</em><em> enzyme activity in the soil rhisosphere of inoculated basil plants.</em>
<strong><em>Conclusively,</em></strong><em> it could be conclude that inoculation of Ocimum basilicum plant with inoculant bacterial mixture containing equal portions of (Azospirillum brasilense + Pseudomonas synxantha) or (Azospirillum brasilense+ Pseudomonas synxantha + Bacillus subtilis 2) can be compensate the demand of nitrogen mineral fertilization and can improve plant growth, herb yield, essential oil yield and medicinal properties of herb and its essential oil as compare to herb and oil of 100% N fertilized plants without PGPR inoculation. </em>Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254319320140801COMBINING ABILITY FOR QUALITY TRAITS IN CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY BASED HYBRIDS OF CARROT (Daucus carota L.)2872974266210.21608/jpd.2014.42662ENMaie MohsenMedicinal & Aromatic Plants, Research Department, Hort. Res. Inststitute, A. R. C., Dokky, Giza, Egypt.Abeer KassemMedicinal & Aromatic Plants, Research Department, Hort. Res. Inststitute, A. R. C., Dokky, Giza, Egypt.Hossam MehasenMedicinal & Aromatic Plants, Research Department, Hort. Res. Inststitute, A. R. C., Dokky, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20140518<em>This study was conducted during 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 seasons at the Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. Fifteen parents (five cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines and ten fertile lines) and 50 hybrids of carrot were used for this study. Combining ability were assessed in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Substantial genetic variability were existed among parents and their F<sub>1</sub>s for eleven characters studied. Among the 15 parents, the line IPC53 recorded the highest positive significant gca effect for four characters (reducing sugar, total carotene, ascorbic acid, and Cu) and the second highest significant gca effects for five characters (k, p, Mn, Zn and Fe). Also, the top six hybrids with high per se performance (IPC53 x IPC122, IPC126 x IPC116, IPC98 x IPC16, IPC55 x IPC16, IPC98 x IPC13 Red and IPC126 x IPC76) exhibited high sca effects for total carotene. </em>
<strong><em>Conclusively,</em></strong><em> both GCA and SCA effects were highly significant for all the characters. The variances due to SCA were greater than the GCA variances for most the studied characters except total carotene. Among 50 hybrids, the hybrid (IPC126 x IPC76) showed one from the five best (SCA) for most of the studied quality characters.</em>
<strong> </strong>Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254319320140801THE EFFECT OF FOLIAR FERTILIZATION WITH NITROFOSKA AND SEED INOCULATION WITH SOME BIO-FERTILIZERS ON GREEN POD YIELD OF PEA (Pisum sativum L.)2993124266310.21608/jpd.2014.42663ENSabha EL-SabaghBotany Department, Faculty of science, Menufiya University, Egypt.Ragaa HamoudaGenetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI)
University of Sadat City, Egypt.Ghada Abo-ElsoudBotany Department, Faculty of science, Menufiya University, Egypt.Abeer HendawyBotany Department, Faculty of science, Menufiya University, Egypt.
Microbial Biotechnology DepartmentJournal Article20190728<em>Two field experiments were carried out in winter seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/ 2014 to study the effect of foliar fertilizer with nitrofoska and treating seeds with bio-fertilizers , i.e. nitrobein and potassiomag on plant growth, chemical composition and green pod yield and its components, as well as, pod quality (pod physical characters and nutritive value of seeds) of pea cv. Lincoln.</em>
<em> <strong>The results showed that</strong> foliar fertilization with nitrofoska and bio-fertilization with nitrobein increased most of plant growth traits, minerals content of shoots (N,P and K as a concentration), yield and its components, as well as physical pod characters and nutritive value of seeds (N, P, K contents, protein, ascorbic acid, TSS and total carbohydrates), followed by nitofoska + potassiomag, then nitofoska + nitrobein+potassiomag, respectively, in most cases. </em>
<strong><em>Conclusively,</em></strong> it could be concluded that the combination treatment between nitrofoska and nitrobein, followed by nitrofoska and potassiomag , as well as, nitrofoska + nitrobein + potassiomag, respectively, enhancing the most studied characters of peas.
Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254319320140801BIO-FERTILIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SOME NEW PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.) CULTIVARS3133324266510.21608/jpd.2014.42665ENEl-Sayed ElabsawyBioinformatic Dept., Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, (GEBRI), Sadat City, University, Egypt.Amal Abd El-AzizMolecular Biology Dept., Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, (GEBRI), Sadat City, University, Egypt.Alla AboelkerMolecular Biology Dept., Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, (GEBRI), Sadat City, University, Egypt.Tamer RoshdyMolecular Biology Dept., Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, (GEBRI), Sadat City, University, Egypt.Journal Article20140615<em>Three different pea cultivars</em><em>Master B </em><em>،</em><em>Jaguar and Palmoral</em><em> were used in this investigation to study the effect of cultivars and different doses of N mineral fertilization along with three isolates of N<sub>2</sub>-fixing bacteria (Rhizobium) on growth, yield and chemical composition of those cultivars. Results showed that the three cultivars varied in their flowering time and yield production and almost behaved different under mineral and bio-fertilization. The bio-fertilization increased the plants vegetative growth, yield and yield components. Furthermore, the bio-fertilization increased the quality of seeds </em><em>and their protein content,</em><em>but reduced their contents of nitrate and nitrite in comparison with those fertilized by N mineral fertilization only.</em>
<em> </em>Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254319320140801INFLUENCE OF ASCORBIC ACID AND ACTIVE DRY YEAST ON Cymbopogon citratus PLANT3333624266610.21608/jpd.2014.42666ENMariam AliHarbiRural Sociology Department, Al- azher University, Egypt and Hail University, KSA.Journal Article20140628<em>Two factorial experiments (4 X 4) in split plot randomized complete block design were carried out during the two successive growing seasons of 2010/ 11 and 2011/12</em> to<em> investigate effects of ascorbic acid (ASC) at rates of 0, 50, 100 or 200 ppm as foliar spray and active dry yeast at </em><em>14 g/ L (DY) application methods; i.e.,</em><em> foliar spray, soil drench or foliar spray + soil drench and their interactions on </em><em>Lemongrass</em> (<em>Cymbopogon citratus</em>STAPF) <em>growth, herb yield, essential oil % and essential oil yield and its components</em>.
<em>Gradual and significant increases in plant height, tillers number/ plant, herb fresh and dry weights per plant (g) and per fed (ton), essential oil percentage in herb, and essential oil yield per plant (cc) and per fad (L) were recorded with increasing the tested ASC level from zero up to 100 ppm. Raise ASC level from 100 up to 200 ppm was without significant effects comparing to 100 ppm. Also, 100 ppm ASC resulted in the highest percentages of essential oil main components (Myrcene, limonine, linalool, citral b, citral a, citronellol and geraniol) comparing to unsprayed control plants or those sprayed with 50 or 200 ppm ASC. </em>
<em> As for DY application methods, DY as foliar spray + soil drench or as soil drench only enhanced the above mentioned traits of growth and yield of herb and essential oil. There were no significant differences between the two application methods. The highest percentages of Myrcene, Citral b, Citral a and Geraniol were recorded in essential oil extracted from plants treated with DY as foliar spray + soil drench. While, applied DY as soil drench only increased percentages of limonine, linalool and citronellol in the essential oil. In general, foliar spray of DY had little effect comparing to the other tested DY application methods. </em>
<em>Interaction treatments of 100 ppm ASC X DY as soil drench + foliar spray or 200 ppm ASC X DY as soil drench only resulted in significant increases in the above mentioned traits (plant growth, herb yield and essential oil determinations) without significant differences between the two interaction treatments. The highest percentages of limonine, linalool, citronellol and geraniol in essential oil were recorded with 100 ppm ASC X DY as soil drench interaction treatment. But, the interaction treatment of 100 ppm ASC X DY as soil drench + foliar spray resulted in the highest percentages of myrcene, citral b and citral a. In addition, the highest total carbohydrates percentages were recorded in herb of treated plants with these two treatments. </em>
<strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong><em>: It could be recommend that apply ascorbic as foliar spray at 100 ppm, or active dry yeast at 14 g/ L as soil drench each alone for enhance lemongrass growth as well as herb and essential oil yield. Also, ascorbic acid at 200 ppm interacted with active dry yeast at 14 g/ L as soil drench may be apply as an interaction treatment for promote lemongrass growth, herb yield and essential oil yield. </em>
<strong> </strong>Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254319320140801ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF CYANOBACTERIA.3633724266710.21608/jpd.2014.42667ENHossam MehasenHorticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.Shaker ArafaA.M. Samy
Food Technology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.Ashraf SamyCentral Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20140709<em>The concept of biological control for health maintenance has received worldwide attention during the last few decades. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to look for active substances that could be used as antibacterial agents. To achieve this target different extracts (Methanol, Petroleum ether, Dichloromethan, Ethyl acetate) fromAnabaena oryzae,were examined. The algal extracts were tested in vitro for itsantibacterial effects against three Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacteria (Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus,Klebsiella pneumonia) using Agar well diffusion method and concentrations from 50 mg up to 150 mg were taken tested bacteria showed inhibition in growth by these extracts.</em>
<strong><em>Conclusively</em></strong><em>, the results obtained in the present investigation clearly suggest that the production of pharmacologically products from Aphanocapsasp, could represent a viable and environmentally friendly alternative to reduce the use of synthetic chemicals because of their unintended side effects for the control of pathogenic microorganisms.</em>
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