Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254314320090801EFFECT OF SOME PRE-SOWING TREATMENTS AND SEED AGE ON GERMINATION OF Seaforthia elegans L., PALM SEEDS5075214468410.21608/jpd.2009.44684ENAmal NasrOrnamental Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20090502<em>This experiment was carried out during 2006 and 2007 seasons, at the glasshouse of the Experimental Area, Ornamental Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University. The objective was to study the effect of some pre-sowing treatments and seed age on germination of Seaforthia elegans L., Palm seeds. The results revealed that, all pre-sowing treatments improved germination, compared with the untreated seeds. Soaking scarified seeds in GA<sub>3</sub> solution at 1000 ppm/72 h, before warm stratification at 35°C/3 weeks, produced the best germination parameters, namely germination percentage, germination velocity and germination rate index (G.R.I.). Also, soaking unscarified seeds in GA<sub>3</sub> before warm stratification gave similar results. This treatment was followed by warm stratification or GA<sub>3</sub> treatments accompanied with scarification. Meanwhile, soaking unscarified seeds in GA<sub>3</sub> or stratifying them at warm temperature, gave satisfactory results, compared with mechanical scarification treatment. The improvement in germination was accompanying with an increasing in total soluble sugars, total soluble indoles and indole/ phenol ratio in the germinated seeds, whereas total soluble phenol was reduced.</em><br /> <em>The results show that, sowing freshly harvested seeds gave the highest germination percentage followed by 4-months old seeds, whereas 8-months old seeds produced the lowest germination percentage. Germinated freshly harvested seeds contain more soluble sugars and soluble indoles, compared with old seeds. On contrary, total soluble phenols was more in the old germinated seeds. It could be concluded that scarified freshly harvested seeds, which were soaked in GA<sub>3</sub> solution at 1000 ppm/72 h and stratified at 35°C/3 weeks could be recommended for improving the germination of Seaforthia elegans seeds.</em><br /> <strong> </strong>Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254314320090801EFFECT OF SOIL COMPACTION ON THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF BARLEY AND AVAILABILITY OF NITROGEN IN SOIL AND PLANT( In Arabic)5235444471210.21608/jpd.2009.44712ENHasan AhmedAl-HashemDepartment of Agricultural systems Eng., Collage of Agriculture and Food Science, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20090508<em>An experiment was conducted for two consecutive seasons (2004/2005 and 2005/2006) at one of the fields of Agricultural and Food Science Collage of King Faisal University to investigate the effect of Effect of soil compaction on the growth and productivity of barley and availabilityof nitrogen in soil and plant. A soil of sandy loam texture was chosen to prepare soils of different bulk density of 1.4 and 1.7 kg/cm<sup>3</sup> to present two levels of compactions. For this purpose a plastic pipes of 60cm length and 15cm diameter were used to prepare the soil blokes. Three levels of solid Nitrogen of 0, 125, 250 kg/ha were chosen. Measurements included plant length, number of spikes, weights of roots, stems and grains. Concentration of nitrogen in soil and plant also was determined. Results showed that soil compaction (regardless of nitrogen rate) had no significant effect on weights of roots, stems. However there was a significant effect on plant length, number of spikes and grain weight in both seasons. Number of spikes decreased 7 and 14% when soil bulk density increased from 1.4 to 1.7 kg/cm<sup>3 </sup>in the first and second seasons, respectively. Grain yield also reduced 20 and 22% in the first and second seasons, respectively as the soil density increased. Significant influence on all vegetative growth and grains was observed when increasing nitrogen rates (regardless of soil density). It was found that the average stem weight of the two seasons increased 20 and 50% at 125 and 250 kg/ha nitrogen rates, respectively, also the average grain weight increased 29 and 38% at the same rates. Regardless of nitrogen rate used, concentration of nitrogen in soil, roots and stems was bigger in the soil of higher density with an increase of 21%, 7% and 16%, respectively as an average for the two seasons compared with the soil of lower density. Results showed also that in both seasons concentration of nitrogen in soil, roots and stems increased as nitrogen rate increased. It was found that concentration of nitrogen in soil increased 40% and 59% at 125 and 250 kg/ha nitrogen rates, respectively. Tillage system and suitable tractor weight at land preparation has to be highly considered achieve optimum compaction and within a condition similar to this study, it is possibly to suggest a nitrogen rate of 125 kg/ha ( 270 Urea/ ha) at soil bulk density not exceed 1.4 kg/cm<sup>3</sup> to get the best barley yield production. </em><br /> <strong> </strong><br /> <br /> <em> </em><br /> <em> </em>Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254314320090801EFFECT OF PLANTING DISTANCES AND SOME MICRO-ELEMENTS ON THE GROWTH,YIELD AND SOME CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF ROSELLE (Hibiscus sabdariffa, L.) PLANT.5455704471310.21608/jpd.2009.44713ENMohamed SayedHanafyOrnamental Hort. Department,. Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt.Journal Article20090509<em>This experiment was carried out at the Agriculture Experimental Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza in two successive seasons 2006 and 2007. The aim of this research was to study the effect of planting distances between the plants and foliar spray with some micro-elements on the growth, yield and some chemical constituents of roselle plant.</em><br /> <em>The plants were sprayed with Zero (control), 90 and 180 ppm. (Fe + Mn + Zn together). The planting distances between the plants in this experiment were 40, 60 or 80 cm. There was constant distance between the rows (60 cm.). The obtained results can be summarized as follows:</em><br /> <em>The foliar spray with micro-elements at the rates of 90 or 180 ppm. increased all the recorded characters of the growth, yield and chemical constituents as compared with the control treatment. The highest values of number of branches/plant, stem diameter, number of fruits/plant, yield of fresh fruits/plant, yield of fresh and dry sepals/plant and total soluble solids% were obtained with foliar spray by micro- elements at 90 ppm.</em><br /> <em>Also, the highest plant height, number of leaves/plant, chlorophyll A, B, carotenoids, total carbohydrates %, anthocyanin content, pH value, Fe, Mn and Zn contents were obtained with foliar spray with micro-elements at 180 ppm. As well as the greatest yield of dry seeds/plant was obtained with foliar spray by micro- elements at 90 ppm. in the first season and 180 ppm. in the second season. The lowest values of all recorded parameters of growth, yield and chemical constituents were obtained with the untreated plants with micro-elements (control).</em><br /> <em>The highest values of all recorded characters of the growth, yield and chemical constituents were obtained with the wider space between the plants (80 cm.) followed by medium space (60cm) then narrow space (40 cm.).</em><br /> <em>On the other hand, the opposite response occurred with plant height which the tallest plants were produced from the narrow distance between the plants (40 cm.).</em><br /> <em>The interaction between micro- elements at 90 or 180 ppm. and different planting spaces increased all the recorded parameters of the growth, yield and chemical constituents as compared with the interaction between micro-elements at zero (control) and all different planting distances in most cases.</em><br /> <strong> </strong>Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254314320090801RESPONSE OF BARLEY PLANTS TO ORGANIC MANURE AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION UNDER SANDY SOILS CONDITION5715814471410.21608/jpd.2009.44714ENEl Sayed BayoumyGaballaPlant Production Department (Agronomy),Efficient Productivity Institute, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.Al Taher Abd El -MoulaHigh Job Centre for Complementally,Zawia,Libya.Omar El - ToumiFaculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, 7th of April University, Zawia, Libya.Journal Article20090514<em>Two field experiments were carried out at one of the farm of EL Zawiah Zone , Libya during 2006 / 2007 and 2007/2008 season to study the response of barley plants cv California mariot to cheep manure ( 0, 50, 75 and 100 m<sup>3</sup>/ hectare )and nitrogen fertilizer such as, urea (46 % N ) (100 ,150 and 200 kg N / hectare). A split-plot design with three replicates was used in both growing seasons. </em><br /> <em>The results revealed that, application of organic manure at the rate of 75m<sup>3</sup>/hectare gave highest values on vegetative characters(plant height, number of tillers/m<sup>3</sup>,number of spikes/m<sup>3</sup>,spike length and flag leaf blade area) and total chlorophyll, as well as yield and its components(1000-grain weight, grain yield Ardab/hectare and straw yield).</em><br /> <em>By increasing the nitrogen fertilization level up to 200 kg N/hectare gave too the highest values of the characters above mentioned. Regarding the interaction effect, the treatment of 75m<sup>3</sup> cheep manure/hectare and 200kg N/hectare, was recorded the highest values of most studied characters in this respect.</em><br /> <strong> </strong><br /> Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254314320090801RESPONSE OF Acokanthera spectabilis PLANTS TO SALINE WATER IRRIGATION5835954471510.21608/jpd.2009.44715ENAmal Abdo MohamedNasrOrnamental Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20090516<em>A pot experiment was carried out during two successive seasons, 2007 and 2008 to study the tolerance of acokanthera plants to saline water irrigation. The data revealed that there were significant reductions in plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves with saline water treatments above 3000 ppm, the decreases were in proportion to the increase in salinity level. Also,</em><em> the data indicated that </em><em>in both seasons, there were no significant decreases in fresh weight of leaves and stems as the level of salinity increased to 3000 ppm. A marked increase , but not significant, in the fresh weight of roots, in both seasons, was obtained with the lowest level of salinity(1500 ppm).Irrigating the plants with saline water at 1500 or 3000 ppm insignificantly reduced leaf area, in both seasons.</em><em> There were significant increase in dry weight of leaves when plants were irrigated with the lowest salinity levels (1500 and 3000 ppm) as compared with the control, irrigating the plants with stalinized water above 3000 ppm significantly decreased the dry weight of leaves</em><em>, the dry weight of stems markedly increased with the level of salinity at 1500 ppm.</em><em> All saline water treatments decreased the content of chlorophyll -a and-b. Growing plants under salinity stress markedly decreased the content of total carbohydrates. All the saline water treatments caused a remarkable increase in the proline content over the control plants. In both seasons, the N, P and K contents of different plant parts decreased as salinity level increased, whereas Na, Ca, and Cl contents increased. </em><em>Generally, this plant can be irrigated with saline water at 3000 ppm without harmful effect.</em><br /> <strong> <br /></strong><br /> <strong> </strong>Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254314320090801EFFECT OF SHADE, DROUGHT AND NUTRIENTS ON PEAS (Pisum sativum L.) AND ITS PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY.5976124471610.21608/jpd.2009.44716ENStieve WilcocksonAgriculture Department)Agronomy), Faculty of Agriculture, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU. UKEssam Abou El-SaleheinPlant Production Department, Efficient Productivity Institute, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.Naeif KadasaAgriculture Department)Agronomy), Faculty of Agriculture, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU. UKJournal Article20090520<em>Two field experiments were carried out in 2000 and 2001 seasons at the Experimental Farm (Cockle Park farm) of the Faculty of Agriculture, Newcastle University, to investigate the effect of shade, drought, nutrients and shade + drought + nutrients on vegetative growth, yield of pea (c.v. Eiffel) and its quality, as well as photosynthetic activity. </em><br /> <em>The results showed that nutrients treatment (formula-4) increased vegetative growth (plant length, number of reproductive nodes, both fresh and dry weight of stems, stipules, tendril, and pod of pea plant) and yield and its components (pod fresh weight, number of pods and number of seeds per plant. On the other hand, the lowest values of most studies characters were obtained by the drought treatment. </em><br /> <em>Regarding the effect of studied treatments on photosynthetic activity, it may be concluded that nutrients treatment caused an increase on photosynthetic activity characters of pea bottom leaves (delta e, delta c, E, g<sub>s</sub> and A) at most of ages of leaves (71, 82, 93 and 100 days from planting), while the control treatment increased e ref, c ref, U and Ci. On the other hand, delta c, E, g<sub>s</sub> and A were at maximum values on top pea leaves with nutrients treatment in both ages of 93 and 100 days from planting. </em><br /> <strong> </strong><br /> <br /> Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254314320090801EVALUATION OF SOME CULTIVARS OF PEAS UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION OF UK.6136254471710.21608/jpd.2009.44717ENStieve WilcocksonAgriculture Department (Agronomy), Faculty of Agriculture, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU. UKEssam Abou El-SaleheinPlant Production Department(Horticulture), Efficient Productivity Institute, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.Naeif KadasaAgriculture Department (Agronomy), Faculty of Agriculture, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU. UKJournal Article20090522<em> Two field experiments were carried out in 2000 and 2001 seasons at the Experimental Farm (Cockle Park Farm) of the Faculty of Agriculture, Newcastle University to evaluate some cultivars of peas, i.e. Maro, Focus, Quasar and Flare, by studying of their growth characters, yield and its components as well as their photosynthetic activity.</em><br /> <em> The results showed that Flare or focus had a higher growth rate of plant length and number of vegetative nodes, while Flare or Quasar, showed higher growth rate of both fresh weight of stem and tendril as well as total dry weight. In addition, green pod yield and its components of pea, i.e. number of pods/plant, number of seeds/plant, pod length and pod thickness were significantly increased in Maro or Focus. Moreover, Focus had a greater photosynthetic activity on bottom leaves than the other studied pea cultivars at the first age (71 days from sowing) and the second age (93 days from sowing), while, Maro had a greater photosynthetic activity in the third age (100 days from sowing). On the other hand, on top leaves, cv flare in the first age, had a greater photosynthetic activity and cv Quasar in the second ones, had a good photosynthetic activity. On the contrary, at the third age, the different cultivars not appeared any clear promotion in characters of photosynthetic activity, i.e. e ref, delta e, c ref, delta c, Q leaf, U. Ci, E, 9s and A. </em><br /> <strong> </strong><br /> <strong> </strong>Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254314320090801RESPONSE OF PEAS TO ORGANIC MANURE AND NPK FERTILIZATION.6276404471910.21608/jpd.2009.44719ENEssam Abou El-SaleheinPlant Production Department, Efficient Productivity Institute, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.Ahmed SharafSoil Sciences and Water Department, Facility of Agriculture, El-Shatbi, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.Wafaa AdelFekryPlant Production Department, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, EgyptJournal Article20090526<em>Two field experiments were conducted at the Farm of Al-Zawia Zone - Libya in the winter seasons of 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 to study the effect of organic manure (cheep manure rates , i.e. 7.5, 15 and 22.5</em><em> m</em><em><sup>3</sup></em><em>/ hectare, and NPK fertilization levels, i.e. o-o-o, 100-150-80 and 150-200-120 kg/hectare on plant growth, green pod yield and it’s components and the nutritive values of pea seeds cv. Master-B. The results showed that adding 22.5</em><em> m</em><em><sup>3</sup></em><em>/hectare caused a highest values of pea plant growth, i.e. plant height, number of leaves and dry weight of leaves, green pod yield of peas and its components, i.e. number of pods/plant, average pod weight, both of total green pod yield per plant and per hectare and number of seeds per pod, as well as the nutritive values of pea seeds, i.e. T.SS., ascorbic acid and total soluble sugars percentages. The highest values of different characters above mentioned were obtained by applying pea plants with 150-200-120 kg NPK fertilization per hectare.</em><br /> <em>The interaction between organic manure at 22.5</em><em> m</em><em><sup>3</sup></em><em> cheep manure/hectare) and NPK fertilization (150-200-120kg/hectare), increased in most cases, growth parameters, green pod yield and its components of peas as well as the nutritive values of seeds. </em><br /> <strong> </strong>Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254314320090801EFFECT OF SOME MICRO-ORGANISMS AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON GROWTH, YIELD AND ITS QUALITY OF PEAS (Pisum sativum L).6416534472210.21608/jpd.2009.44722ENEssam Abou El-SaleheinPlant Production Department, Efficient Productivity Institute, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.Ahmed AsharafSoil Sciences and Water Department, Facility of Agriculture, El-Shatbi, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.Wafaa AdelFekryPlant Production Department, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, EgyptJournal Article20090530<em>Two field experiments were carried out at the Farm of Al-Zawia Zone – Libya in the winter seasons of 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 to study the effect of two micro-organisms (Rhizobium bacteria and yeast fungi) and nitrogen fertilization (100kg/hectare urea, 46.5%N) on plant growth, green pod yield and its components, quality of pods and nutritive value of pea seeds, cv. Master – B. The experiment was included 8 treatments, i.e., control, dry yeast, rhizobuim, urea, yeast + rhizobium, yeast + urea, rhizobuim + urea and yeast + rhizobium + urea.</em><br /> <em>The obtained results showed that the triple treatment of dry yeast, rhizobium and urea fertilization, being the most effective on increased plant growth (plant height and number of leaves/plant), green pod yield and its components (and number of pods/plant ,total green pod yield per plant and per hectare), quality of pods (pod length and number of seeds per pod) and the nutritive value of pea seeds ( P and K - contents of seeds). In addition, there are no significant differences between the treatment of rhizobium + urea and dry yeast + rhizobium on average pod weight in the two growing seasons of study and on pod diameter in the first season only. In most cases, the triple treatment was the best on the most of studied characters, followed in descending order by rhizobium + urea and dry yeast + rhizobium. </em><br /> <em>The lowest values of all studied characters was obtained by the control treatment. </em><br /> <strong> </strong> <br /> <strong> </strong><br /> <strong> </strong><br /> <strong> </strong>Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254314320090801EFFECT OF NPK AND SOME BIOFERTILIZERS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF GARLIC PLANTS.6556714472310.21608/jpd.2009.44723ENWafaa FekryPlant Production Department, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, EgyptJournal Article20090530<em>This study was conducted during the two successive winter seasons of 2004 /2005 and 2005/ 2006 at the Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture ,Moshtohor, Benha University to investigate the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers as well as rizobacterin and phosphorein biofertilizers on plant growth, chemical constituents, yield and its components, quality and storageability of garlic bulbs (Allium sativum L.) cv. Balady. The obtained results revealed that garlic cloves treated with rizobacterin and phosphorein as mixture or each of them separately in the presence of half recommended doses of chemical NPK fertilizers (60 kg N, 38 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and 48 kg K<sub>2</sub>O/ fed) significantly increased the studied characters compared to untreated plants in both seasons. However, the application of rizobacterin plus phosphorein combined with 60 kg N, 38 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and 48 kg K<sub>2</sub>O/ fed gave the best results of growth parameters (plant height, numbers of leaves, fresh and dry weight per plant and bulbing ratio), plant minerals contents (N,P and K%), bulb yield and its components (average bulb diameter, fresh weight, number of cloves per bulb, clove fresh weight and total as well as relative yield/ fed), moreover bulbs quality (N,P,K,TSS, total carbohydrates and volatile oils content) in both growing seasons. Fertilization of garlic with 120 kg N, 76 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and 96 kg K<sub>2</sub>O/ fed recorded maximum values of weight loss percentage in bulbs during storage in comparison with the treatment of rizobacterian and phosphorein mixture and/or every one separately in combination with 60 kg N, 38 kgP<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and 48 kg K<sub>2</sub>O/ fed which gave the lowest values in this respect.</em><br /> <em>Therefore, application of 60 kg N, 38 kgP<sub>2</sub> O<sub>5</sub> and 48 kg K<sub>2</sub> O/ fed plus mixture of rizobacterin and posphorein could be recommended as the best treatment for raising garlic yield, improving bulb quality and to reduce the amounts of NPK fertilizers by 50% of the recommended dose.</em><br /> <strong> </strong>Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254314320090801EFFECT OF SOME PHYSICAL FACTORS ON LIPASE PRODUCTION BY SOME SELECTED FUNGI6736814472510.21608/jpd.2009.44725ENAbd Allah MansourPlant Production Department, Agriculture Faculty, Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya.Fathy El-AshhabChemistry Department, Science Faculty, Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya.Omar El-SheibaniBotany Department, Science Faculty, Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya.Journal Article20090603<em>Seven fungi have been experimentally screened to get the most active two lipase producers. The experimental conditions were Czapek’s yeast extract tributyrin emulsion (CYET) liquid medium, incubated at 30 °C &pH 5.0 for 8 days. Classical kinetic technique of enzymatic analysis has been used to study the effect of physical factors (pH, temperature &incubation period). Optimal yield of lipase produced by Aspergillus niger after 8 days of incubation at 30 °C &pH 5.0, while optimal yield of lipase produced by Rhizopus nigricans after 6 days of incubation at 30 °C &pH 6.0 .</em><br /> <strong> </strong>Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254314320090801EFFECT OF GROWING MEDIA AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZATION ON GROWTH AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF Dracaena marginata "BICOLOR"6837004472710.21608/jpd.2009.44727ENAbd El Ghafour EL SayedOrnamental Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.Ahmed El-LeithyOrnamental Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.Shimaa HeiderOrnamental Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20090608<em>This study was carried out at Ornamental Horticulture Department,Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University during two seasons; 2007 and 2008 aiming to study the effect of different soil media (peatmoss or peatmoss + sand (1:1 by volume), NPK (19:19:19) fertilization at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g/ plant and spraying with trace elements (Fe, Mn and Zn) at 50 and 100 ppm on growth and chemical composition of Dracaena marginata 'Bicolor'. The results showed that growing plants in peatmoss medium gave the highest values of plant height, number of leaves/ plant, fresh and dry weights of leaves/ plant, total carbohydrates, N, K, Fe, Mn and Zn percent in leaves. Whereas peat + sand medium gave the highest values of stem diameter, leaf area and P contents in leaves in both two seasons. </em><br /> <em>NPK at 1 and 2 g and NPK fertilizers plus trace elements increased plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves/plant, leaf area, fresh and dry weights of leaves/ plant compared with control in the first and second seasons. Also, all chemical fertilization treatments increased total carbohydrates, N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn percent in leaves as compared with control plants in the first and second seasons.</em><br /> <em> Using peatmoss or peatmoss + sand medium combined with NPK at 1 g/ plant alone or NPK at 1 g plus trace elements gave the highest values of most characters.</em><br /> <strong> </strong><br /> <strong> </strong>Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254314320090801EFFECT OF DIETARY ENERGY AND CORN GLUTEN FEED ON THE PERFORMANCE OF GROWING WHITE PEKIN DUCKS.7017184472810.21608/jpd.2009.44728ENIbrahim HassanAnimal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20090614<em>A factorial design experiment (3x3) was performed to study the effect of three levels of energy (2800, 3000 and 3200 Kcal ME/Kg) and three levels of corn gluten feed, CGF (0, 8 and 16%) on growth performance and economical efficiency of White Pekin ducklings.</em><br /> <em> A total number of 270 unsexed two-weeks-old White Pekin ducklings were randomly distributed among 9 treatment groups (30 ducklings each) nearly equal in average live body weight. Each group was subdivided into three replicates each of 10 ducklings.</em><em> Growth performance, some carcass traits, blood constituents and economical efficiency were studied. The results obtained could be summarized as follows:</em><br /> <em>Live body weight and </em><em>daily weight gain were significantly (P<0.05) higher with the 3000 Kcal ME/Kg diet energy level at most experimental period. During the starter (2 to 7 weeks age) and the whole experimental (2 to 12 weeks age) periods, improved (P<0.05) feed conversion values were noticed with the 3000 Kcal ME/Kg diet energy level. Ducklings fed the level of 8% corn gluten feed possessed significantly (P<0.05) higher live body weight at 7 and 12 weeks of age than those fed 0 or 16% corn gluten feed. The best feed conversion value was found with ducklings fed 8% CGF. Liver, heart, total giblets and abdominal fat percentages were significantly (P<0.05) affected by dietary energy level. The previous carcass traits increased with increasing dietary energy level in </em><em>Pekin</em><em> duckling diets. However, no significant effects of dietary energy level on gizzard, carcass and dressing weight percentages of Pekin ducklings were observed.</em><em> It is worth to note that, liver, heart, carcass and dressing percentages were increased significantly (P<0.05) with the increasing the dietary corn gluten feed from 0 to 16%.Increasing the dietary energy level from 2800 to either 3000 or 3200 Kcal ME/Kg diet caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in cholesterol blood values. Ducklings fed the diet contained 3000 Kcal ME/Kg diet and 8% CGF recorded the best EEf as compared with other treatment or control. From the previous results, it can be concluded that a dietary level of 3000 Kcal ME/Kg diet with 8% CGF is recommended for feeding growing Pekin ducks from 2 to 12 weeks of age.</em><br /> <strong> </strong>Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254314320090801EFFECT OF DRIED ALFALFA MEAL AND CHROMIUM ON THE PERFORMANCE OF INSHAS LAYERS.7197464472910.21608/jpd.2009.44729ENIbrahim HassanAnimal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Amal OmarAnimal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Sahar HamedOsmanAnimal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Mohamed SalahShoeibAnimal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Hesham AzouzAnimal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20090619<em>A 3x4 factorial design experiment was conducted to study the effect of three levels of dried alfalfa meal (0, 5 and 10%) and four levels of chromium picolinate, CrPic (0, 600, 1200 and 1800 µg/Kg diet) on performance and egg quality of Inshas layers during the period from 24 to 38 weeks of age. A total number of 216 laying hens and 36 cocks of Inshas strain at 24 weeks of age were randomly distributed into 12 treatment groups (18 hens + 3 cocks / each treatment) nearly equal in average body weight and average daily egg production. Each treatment group was sub-divided into three replicates (6 hens and one cock) in each. Productive and reproductive performance, egg quality, cholesterol content in blood serum, egg yolk, and liver were studied.</em><br /> <em>Inclusion of 10% dried alfalfa meal in laying hen diets significantly (P<0.05) decreased body weight, egg number, egg production, egg mass, economical efficiency and exhibited the poorest feed conversion value during experimental period. In addition of 5% dried alfalfa meal in laying hen diets significantly (P<0.05) decreased feed intake during 30 to 34 weeks of age, egg yolk %, cholesterol and lipids % in blood serum, egg yolk and liver as compared with the control diet. Chromium supplementation at different levels had no effect on live body weight, while it a significant (P<0.05) increase in egg weight, fertility and hatchability percentages, egg specific gravity at 38 weeks of age and economical efficiency. However, serum cholesterol, yolk and liver cholesterol was significantly (P<0.05) decreased as a result of chromium supplementation. Laying hens fed diets containing 5% alfalfa meal plus 1200 Cr µg /Kg diet recorded the best economical efficiency values as compared with the other treatment groups.</em><br /> <em>In conclusion, using 5% alfalfa meal with 1200 or 1800 µg Cr/Kg diet were beneficial in egg production and reducing egg yolk and liver cholesterol contents, and increasing the economical return</em>.<br /> <strong> </strong>Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254314320090801SURVEY OF SOME HETEROPTEROUS INSECTS IN LIBYA7477584473110.21608/jpd.2009.44731ENMoftah SolemanEl-MeghrabiEl-Meghrabi
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Garyounis University, Benghazi, LibyaJournal Article20090705<em>From 2001 to 07, research was carried out to investigate the composition of the Heteroptera fauna in Libya. Many types of soil were involved, viz., semi desert, desert and agricultural land, on various grown crops were grown.</em><br /> <em> It appeared that Heteroptera fauna were 91 species, classified into 18 families of them 40 species are recorded in Libya for the first time.</em><br /> <em>As these species have a wide ecological range they are capable to adapting themselves quite well to the changing environmental factors which results from the various cultivation methods.</em><br /> <strong> </strong>Zagazig University. Institute of Efficient ProductivityJournal of Productivity and Development1110-254314320090801EFFECT OF SPRAYING WITH SOME ANTIOXIDANTS AND PLANT EXTRACTS ON GROWTH TOMATO PLANTS AND ITS RELATION WITH CONTROL OF TOMATO WHITEFLY (BEMISIA TABACI GENN.)7597754473210.21608/jpd.2009.44732ENAtef Abd-AllahVegetable Pests Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt.Taha AliVegetable Research Department, Hort. Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt.Journal Article20090714<em>Two field experiments were conducted at </em><em>the Experimental Farm of El-Kassasin Horticultural Research Station, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt </em><em>during two successive early summer seasons of 2007 and 08 to study the response of </em><em>local tomato hybrid (Rima Lady) F<sub>1</sub> plants grown in sandy soil under drip irrigation system.</em><em>Tomato plants were treated four times with antioxidants (salicylic acid,</em><em> hydroquinone and thiourea</em><em>), extracts of neem and jatropha plants and different combinations of such treatments as well as water spray (control) on growth, yield, chemical constituents and control of tomato whitefly were studied.</em><br /> <em>The results indicated that vegetative growth, yield and its components, also chemical constituents were promoted with all spraying materials as compared to control. Spraying plants with plant extracts recorded the uppermost values of growth, pod quality, total yield and chemical constituents than antioxidants.</em><br /> <em>In general, spraying plants with mixed plant extracts (neem or jatropha) and thiourea significantly increased vegetative growth, yield and its components and chemical constituents than sprayed by other combinations or alone as well as control.</em><br /> <em>The binary mixture of thiourea plus neem and thiourea plus jatropha were showed very good initial and acceptable or good residual action till the end of season and were the most effective traditional insecticides tested against whitefly. The botanical aterial (jatropha extract) gave poor control against adult and nymphal stages of whitefly. </em><br /> <em>Salysilic acid effect was came in the intermediate. On the other hand, data obvious synergism action between neem and salysilic acid. Results of these studies showed be useful in planning of future field trials to increase the effectiveness and to manage the rate of field applications.</em><br /> <strong> </strong>