Publication Ethics

• The journal is committed to maintaining the highest level of integrity in the content published.
• This journal has a Conflict of Interest policy in place, and it adheres to international, national, and/or institutional requirements for research involving human subjects and/or animals, including informed consent.
• Authors should add the following statements (if relevant) in a separate section labeled "Compliance with Ethical Standards" when submitting a manuscript:

            - Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest

            - Research involving human participants and/or animals

• The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the above-mentioned guidelines. The author will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned guidelines.

Third Party Copyright

In general, authorization from the rights holder should be sought before reproducing any considerable portion of a copyrighted work. This comprises text, drawings, charts, tables, images, and other previously published materials.

Declaration of Competing Interest

Corresponding authors, on behalf of all submitting authors, must state any financial and personal affiliations with any persons or organizations that may unduly affect (bias) their research. Employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other supports are examples of conflict of interest. All authors, even those with no competing interests to disclose, should submit the required information to the corresponding author (which, if applicable, may state that they have nothing to declare).

Ethical Responsibilities of Authors

• This journal is committed to upholding the integrity of the scientific record. As a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE; https://publicationethics.org/about/our-organisation) the journal will adhere to the COPE rules for dealing with possible acts of misconduct.
• Authors should avoid misrepresenting study findings, since this can harm faith in the journal, the professionalism of scientific authorship, and, eventually, the entire scientific effort. Following the standards of good scientific practice helps to maintain the integrity of the study and its presentation, which include:

            - The manuscript should not be submitted to more than one journal for simultaneous review.

            - The submitted work must be original and have not been previously published in any form or language (partially or fully), unless the new work is an extension of past work. (Please offer openness on material reuse to minimize worries about text recycling ('self-plagiarism').

            - A single research should not be divided into different portions to increase the number of submissions and submitted to multiple journals or to the same journal over time (i.e., 'salami-slicing/publishing').

            - Concurrent or secondary publication may be justified under certain situations. Translations and manuscripts aimed for a different audience are two examples.

            - Results should be reported clearly and honestly, with no fabrication, falsification, or improper data modification (including picture alteration). Authors should follow discipline-specific data collection, selection, and processing guidelines.

            - No data, text, or theories from others are presented as if they were the author's own ('plagiarism'). Proper acknowledgement of other works is required (this includes material that is closely copied (near verbatim), summarized, and/or paraphrased), quotation marks (to indicate words taken from another source) are used for verbatim copying of material, and permissions are obtained for copyrighted material.

            - Authors should ensure that they have authorization to utilize software, questionnaires/(web) surveys, and scales in their research (where applicable).

            - Research and non-research papers must back their arguments with acceptable and relevant literature. Excessive and inappropriate self-citation is also strongly discouraged, as well as coordinated efforts by many authors to self-cite en masse.

            - Authors should avoid making false assertions about an entity (which might be a human or a firm) or describing their conduct or acts in ways that could be interpreted as personal assaults or charges against that person.

            -  Research that might be misused to endanger public health or national security should be clearly mentioned in the paper (for example, dual use of research). Examples include the development of dangerous biological agents or poisons, vaccine-induced immunity disruption, unique risks in chemical usage, and the weaponization of research and technology (among others).

            -  It is strongly encouraged that authors double-check the author group, corresponding author, and author order before submitting. Adding and/or deleting authors during the editing process is normally not permitted, although in rare instances it may be necessary. Reasons for changes in authorship should be mentioned. Changes to authorship cannot be made once a manuscript has been accepted.

Plagiarism

The J. Product. & Dev. journal makes every effort to ensure that papers are unique and avoids any plagiarism or duplicate publication activities.  The use of another person's words, figures, or thoughts without proper attribution is forbidden.  Language reuse must be kept to a minimum and attributed or quoted in the text, with all sources referenced when utilized.  The J. Product. & Dev. uses Turnitin or Crossref Similarity Check to detect contributions that cross-reference previously published and submitted works.  Suppose a paper is revealed to have been plagiarized from another author's work (more than 20% overall or 5% from each reference), regardless of whether it has been published. In that situation, the submission will be rejected, and the authors may face sanctions. Any previously published articles may need to be revised or withdrawn.

Consent to Participate

• All research involving human subjects requires participants to provide freely provided, informed permission to participate in the study (or their parent or legal guardian in the case of children under the age of 16), and a statement to this effect should appear in the final manuscript.
• In journals discussing human transplantation research, writers must add a statement stating that no organs/tissues were taken from convicts, as well as the institution(s)/clinic(s)/department(s) from where the organs or tissues were obtained.

Sample statements for "Consent to participate":

• Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
• Informed consent was obtained from legal guardians.
• Written informed consent was obtained from the parents.
• Verbal informed consent was obtained prior to the interview.

Editors and reviewers should decline to participate in a submission when:Have a recent publication or current submission with any author

• Share or have recently shared an association with any author.
• Collaborate or have recently cooperated with any author.
• Have a close personal relationship with any author.
• Feel unable to be objective.

Reviewers: Any potential conflicts of interest must be disclosed in the "Confidential" section of the review form, and the editor will take them into account. Editors and reviewers must report any previous conversations they had with the authors concerning the manuscript.